Vitamins and Minerals.

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Presentation transcript:

Vitamins and Minerals

Minerals What are minerals? Inorganic substances that animals need in small amounts Minerals contain no carbon

What are some functions of minerals? 1. Provide material for growth of: Bones, Teeth, and Tissue 2. Help with muscular activities 3. Reproduction 4. Digestion of feed

Minerals are divided into 2 groups, what are they? Major (macro) Minerals Trace (micro) Minerals

Minerals- Major Needed in large amounts 7 Macro Minerals Calcium Phosphorus Sodium Chlorine Potassium Sulfur Magnesium

What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack? Minerals- Major What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack? Sodium Calcium Phosphorous

Minerals- Major Sodium Functions: Deficiencies: Maintain osmotic pressure in cells Muscle and nerve activity Deficiencies: Reduced appetite Rough hair coat Cannibalism in chickens Dirt eating

Minerals- Major Calcium Functions: Deficiencies: Bone development Nerve and muscle function Deficiencies: Rickets- in young animals bones are soft, bend easily, and are malformed

Minerals- Major Phosphorus Functions: Deficiencies: Bone and Teeth Development Appetite Deficiencies: Rickets Stiffness in joints Loss of appetite

Minerals- Trace Needed in small amounts Sulfur Magnesium Iron Iodine Copper Cobalt Zinc Manganese Boron Molybdenum Fluorine Selenium

Mineral Review What are minerals? What are minerals important? What are 3 major minerals that animal feeds commonly lack? Name one deficiency of each. What is the difference between major minerals and trace minerals.

5 Basic Classes of Nutrients Water Energy Nutrients Proteins Minerals Vitamins

Vitamins What are vitamins? Trace organic compounds needed in small amounts by animals Needed for development of normal tissues and for health, growth and maintenance

Vitamins are divided into 2 groups, what are they? Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K) Dissolved in fat Water-Soluble Vitamins (C, B-Complex) Dissolved in water

Vitamin A Function: Deficiencies: Vision Conception Rates Disease Resistance Deficiencies: Night Blindness Blindness in calves Reproductive problems

Vitamin D Function: Deficiencies: Bone Development Growth Rickets (young animals) Osteomalacia (older animals)

Vitamin E Function: Deficiencies: Reproduction Muscle Development E and Selenium together help immune system Deficiencies: Reproduction failure Muscular dystrophy

Vitamin K Function: Deficiencies: Blood Clotting Blood doesn’t clot fast

What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K? Vitamins What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K? Green Leafy Hay Yellow Corn Cod Liver Fish Oils

Vitamin C Function: Formation of teeth and bones Prevents infections

B- Complex Function: Appetite Growth Reproduction

What are some sources of water-soluble vitamins? Green Pastures and Hay Cereal Grains Milk

Vitamin Review What are vitamins and why are they needed? List the fat-soluble vitamins and their functions as well as deficiencies. What are the sources of fat-soluble vitamins? What is the function of Vitamin C? What the sources of the water-soluble vitamins?