1. Feed Nutrients
Animal Science II Unit 6

2. Objectives
Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each.
Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group.

3. Nutrients
A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.
Become part of the cells of the body
Necessary for life, growth and proper function
Different kinds needed by different animals
Must be in balance

4. 5 Groups of Nutrients
Energy
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
water

5. Energy-Carbohydrates
Main energy nutrient in animal rations
Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and lignin
Chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Provide energy for body cells
Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat

6. Simple Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Easily digested
Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)
Comes from cereal grains

7. Complex Carbohydrates
Fiber
Made up of cellulose and lignin
Harder to digest
Found mainly in roughages

8. Energy Nutrients Fats and oils Higher energy value than carbohydrates
Fats have 2.25 times the energy value
Easily digested
Provide energy and body heat and carry the fat soluble vitamins
Come from both plant and animal sources

9. Proteins Organic compounds made up of amino acids
Supply material to build body tissue
Essential to fetal development
Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential and nonessential amino acids

10. Sources of Protein Good quality Meat & Bone meal
Animal Protein
Plant Protein
Good quality
Meat & Bone meal
Can not be fed to ruminant animals
Poorer quality
Will meet ruminant needs
Cereal grains in the right combination will meet the needs of nonruminants
Soybean oil meal is most commonly used

11. Vitamins Trace organic compounds Only needed in small amounts
Divided into 2 groups
Fat soluble and water soluble

12. Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Solvable Dissolve in fat A, D, E, K Sources
Green leafy hay
Yellow corn
Cod liver & other fish oils
Wheat germ oil
Green pasture
Vitamin D is produced in the animals body if the animal receives direct sunlight part of the day
Dissolve in water
Vitamin C & B-Complex vitamins
Sources
Green pasture (C & B)
Hay (C)
Green leafy hay (B)
Cereal grains (B)
Milk (B)
Fish soluble (B)
Certain animal proteins (B)

13. Minerals Inorganic materials Needed in small amounts
Divided into two groups
Major-needed in large amounts
Trace- needed in small amounts
May be deficient in some part of the US
See table 6-2 p. 132

14. Minerals Often found lacking Usually found in adequate amounts
Major Minerals
Trace Minerals
Often found lacking
Salt
Calcium
Phosphorus
Usually found in adequate amounts
Potassium, Sulfur, Magnesium, Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Fluorine,selenium

15. Water Importance is often forgotten 40-80% of the animals body
Functions
Dissolves nutrients
Controls temperature
Carries nutrients
Necessary for chemical reactions

16. Commercial Feed Tag Show the guaranteed minimum of
Crude protein or total protein
Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed multiplied by 6.25
Vitamins
Minerals

17. Summary
Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds that aid in the support of life
Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently
Supplied by grains, forages and commercial feed mixes

18. Assignment
Complete Review Questions 1-12