1. BSAA Curriculum
Unit B
Animal Science

2. Growth & Development of Animals
Problem Area 2
Growth & Development of Animals

3. Nutrition of Chicks
Lesson 3

4. Chick Contest
Each of you write down on a piece of paper how long you think it will take the first chick to double its birth weight.
On the same sheet of paper estimate the average consumption of feed needed to produce one pound of gain.
The winner gets 5 bonus points.

5. Learning Objectives
Discuss the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction.
Identify chief sources of energy for poultry and symptoms of energy deficient diets.
Explain the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development and describe symptoms of amino acid deficiencies.

6. Learning Objectives (Cont.)
Define macrominerals and trace minerals and list minerals which fit the definitions.
Explain the function and importance of vitamins in the diet and identify symptoms of vitamin deficiencies in chicks.

7. Terms Anabolism Basal Maintenance Requirement Catabolism Fat Soluble
Growth
Macrominerals
Nutrients
Protein trace Minerals
Vitamins
Water Soluble

8. What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
Nutrients are substances used by an animal for growth and development of its cells, organs, and tissues.
Nutrient maintenance requirements in poultry are defined as the total nutrients needed for body functioning without any gain or loss in body weight and productive activity.

9. What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
Basal Maintenance Requirement – the minimum requirement level
Maintain body temperature
Keep body processes functional
Allow for minimal movement
Repair damaged cells or tissue

10. Maintenance requirements are influenced by:
What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
Maintenance requirements are influenced by:
Exercise
Weather
Stress
Health
Body size
Temperament
Level of production
Individual variation

11. What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
Nutritive needs for growth are influenced by:
Age
Breed
Sex
Disease
Nutritive needs increase with breeding stock

12. What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
Growth – an increase in size of bones, muscles, internal organs, or other parts of the body.
Adequate vitamins and minerals are important for growth.
In poultry, vitamins and minerals are needed for hatchability and embryo development.

13. What are the chief sources of energy for poultry?
Energy for poultry is derived in feedstuffs in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Starch

14. What are the chief sources of energy for poultry?
Carbohydrates supply the majority of energy for growth and development because of their abundance and cheaper cost.
Catabolism is the oxidation of nutrients which releases energy for fulfilling the body’s immediate demands.

15. What are the chief sources of energy for poultry?
In order to provide a balanced ration, a protein supplement is commonly mixed in.
Usually soybean meal is added.
Corn is the primary feed for poultry and serves as the main energy source.

17. What are the symptoms of energy deficient diets?
Slow or stunted growth
Loss of body tissue
Lowered production of meat or eggs
Decreased motility

18. What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development?
Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids.
Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and iron.
Proteins supply the substance that is needed to build and maintain body tissues.

19. What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development?
23 amino acids have been found in protein.
Ten of the amino acids are essential.
Anabolism takes place and the rest of the amino acids are synthesized in the animal’s body.
Tryptophan – an essential amino acid

20. What are the symptoms of amino acid deficiencies?
Low birth weight of young
Anorexia (low food intake)
Slow growth rate
Low milk production
Edema (abnormal fluid accumulation)
Anemia (low red blood cell count)

21. What are macrominerals and trace minerals and what specific minerals fit each group?
Macrominerals are minerals that are needed in larger amounts for proper health, growth, and reproduction.
Trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts for proper animal health.

22. Examples of Macrominerals
Calcium
Chlorine
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium

23. Examples of Trace Minerals
Copper
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Selenium
Zinc

24. What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet?
Vitamin C
Vitamins are organic compounds required in minute amounts for normal growth, production, reproduction, and health.

25. What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet?
Vitamins regulate body processes, help the body resist disease, and improve health in general.
Fat soluble – stored in body fat and released when needed.
Water soluble – dissolved by water and need to be replaced each day.

26. Essential Vitamins A Niacin D3 Riboflavin E Thiamin K B-6 Biotin B-12
Choline
Folacin
Niacin
Riboflavin
Thiamin
B-6
B-12
Pantothenic Acid

27. Symptoms of vitamin deficiency
Slow or poor growth
Poor reproduction
Decreased production of meat or eggs
Anorexia
Edema
Skin, feather problems
Decreased appetite and diarrhea

28. Review/Summary
What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction?
What are the chief sources of energy for poultry and symptoms of energy deficient diets?

29. Review/Summary
What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development and what are the symptoms of amino acid deficiencies?
What are macrominerals and trace minerals and what specific minerals fit each group?

30. Review/Summary
What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet and what are vitamin deficiency symptoms in chicks?