December 9, 2016 Objective: Journal:

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December 9, 2016 Objective: Journal: Differentiate between stages of memory Explain how a memory moves from sensory memory to long term memory Figure out ways to improve memory Journal: If I gave you a list of 15 things to get from the grocery store, how many of them do you think you could remember without writing them down? ******Hand in your Brain Packet.

Memory

Memory: Key Terms Memory: Active system that stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves) information Encoding: Converting information into a useable form Storage: Holding this information in memory Retrieval: Taking memories out of storage

Stages of Memory Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

Sensory Memory Sensory Memory: Storing an exact copy of incoming information for less than a second; the first stage of memory

Short-Term Memory (STM) Short-Term Memory (STM): second stage of memory; stores small amounts of information briefly; very sensitive to interruption or interference Memory Span: STM is limited to holding 7 + 2 information bits at once

Storing Info in STM Recoding: Reorganizing or modifying information in STM Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeating information silently to prolong its presence in STM Elaborative Rehearsal: Links new information with existing memories and knowledge in LTM; Good way to transfer STM information into LTM

Long-Term Memory (LTM) Storing information relatively permanently Stored on basis of meaning and importance

Types of Long-Term Memory Explicit (declarative) memory (facts): factual knowledge & personal experiences Semantic Memory: Impersonal facts and everyday knowledge Episodic Memory: Personal experiences linked with specific times and places Implicit (procedural) Memory (skills): Long-term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills, e.g., driving

Loss of Memory Anterograde amnesia: the inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following brain trauma or surgery. Explicit memories formed before are left intact. Cause possibly is damage to hippocampus Retrograde amnesia: the disruption of memory for the past, especially espisodic memory. After brain trauma or surgery, there often is retrograde amnesia for events occurring just before. Infantile/child amnesia: the inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before about 3 years of age. Due possibly to fact that hippocampus is not fully developed.

Serial Position Effect Recall: Direct retrieval of facts or information Serial Position Effect: Hardest to recall items in the middle of a list Primacy effect: easier to remember items first in a list than items in the middle, because first items are studied the most Recency effect: easier to remember items last in a list than items in the middle, because the last items were last studied

Serial Position Effect Horse Cat Dog Rabbit Penguin Pig Bear Deer Cow Gorilla

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