EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY!! Watch Hotel Rwanda with Mrs. Badillo today and with ME  tomorrow 3:30-5:30, Upstairs Lecture Hall Point value: 8 daily points! Will be applied to the 3rd nine weeks grades

Segregation in South Africa Apartheid Segregation in South Africa

Rank your rights in order of importance to you (1= most important; #8= least) __ Date/Marry whomever you choose __ Go to a public school close to home __ Live in any neighborhood you choose __ Shop at stores you prefer __ Vote __ Be educated in your home language __ Play on a sports team that your abilities allow __ Interview for a job you want

South Africa

Colonialism Settled by the Dutch first in the 1600s at Cape Town Dutch settlers become known as the Afrikaners British came to South Africa when diamonds were discovered in 1800s War fought between Dutch & British; Brits win

Apartheid 1948: Afrikaner National Party wins elections Design system of apartheid which segregated races (white vs. everyone else) Dutch word for “Separate” Population Registration Act (1950): Classifed all South Africans as Bantu (Black South Africans), Coloureds (mixed race), Whites & Asian  further segregated groups into white & non-white Further laws would be created as time continued to lessen the rights of non-whites.

Tribal Homelands 1959: Promotion of Bantu Self- Government Act Specific regions for various African ethnic groups called BANTUSTANS 1970: Every black South African would become citizens of the tribal homeland, losing their citizenship in South Africa Politically & Economically dependent on South Africa! Difficult to enforce separate development because the S.A. economy depended on nonwhite labor Rural areas; poor education, little access to health care, few jobs,

Tribal Homelands Non-whites only able to live in certain areas of cities with certain documents People living in these areas needed passports to get back into SA! If you go to West Texas to visit family then want to come back to Sugar Land… do you need a passport?

Passes All black adults required to carry a pass Included registration, travel, job, ethnicity, etc. If asked to show one & a person didn’t have it, then they’d be thrown in jail

Sharpeville 1960 Anti-Apartheid group protests against pass laws, want them repealed After, demonstrators gathered in Sharpeville & stoned policemen  attack Policemen brutally attack protestors Government declares a state of emergency for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead, 187 people wounded and over 11,000 arrested. **Reports of this incident brought the apartheid system into worldwide criticism!**

Bantu Education Non-white students attended separate schools Learned only skills to become low-wage workers (factory worker, miner if lucky, gardener, maid) Overcrowded Required uniforms, textbooks Physical punishments Conducted in Afrikaans Caused outrage

Soweto Uprising June 1976 Growing frustration with apartheid system Spark: government enforces language requirements schools must be taught in Afrikaans Soweto (Township in Johannesburg) students boycotted Police opened fire on unarmed students ~500 deaths

African National Congress ANC: organization that fought apartheid (primarily peacefully) Main leader: Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela Peaceful activist Leader of the ANC Given life sentence Managed to continue “leading” the movement from jail Freed after 27 years imprisoned on Robben Island Nobel Peace Prize winner First President of the New South Africa (1994)

Mandela "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunity. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But, if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

1990-1994 Violence, protests escalate Stage of emergency Protests succeed: Mandela released! Negotiations between President de Klerk & Mandela De Klerk repeals most of the laws that allowed for the apartheid system to continue, including the Population Registration Act Democracy! New Constitution adopted, giving blacks rights. Took effect in 1994 Election: June 1994—Nelson Mandela becomes president!

Election Day Mandela becomes the president of the new South Africa, the “Rainbow Nation”

South Africa After Apartheid African National Congress has won most elections Employment Equity Act (1998) Opened up job opportunities to ALL South Africans, regardless of ethnicity or race Education, rural areas improving Still, a lot of poverty Slow growth of the economy Both whites & blacks are struggling to find jobs Struggle for health care South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world