Grammar

Nouns Person, place, thing or idea Common nouns- general nouns (cookie, boy, car, school) Proper nouns- name of something (Mr. Heckler, Toyota, Power Rangers, Star Wars) Always capitalized

Nouns Appositive- a noun that renames another noun (in a sentence) Give me that book, Star Wars- Return of the Jedi, right now! Star Wars- Return of the Jedi renames book

Pronouns Pronouns replace or take the place of nouns I, he, she, me Her, him, their Hers, his, theirs, its Antecedents- is what the pronoun is referring to or replacing in a sentence Aaron sharpened his pencil.

Verbs Shows action or something exists Action Verb- shows some kind of action Walk, talk, speak, run, Linking Verb- links the subject to something else Acts like an = sign Is, are, were, am, Sense words Helping verb When you have a linking verb in front of an action verb She is helping him

Adjectives Describes or modifies a noun or pronoun The ugly car. The pretty girl. The handsome man drove the fast motorcycle.

Adverbs Describe or modify a verb, adjective, or other adverb. She did well. The very ugly boy. The super nice teacher drove too fast.

Articles Part of the adjective family- 3 of them THE A AN

Interjection Shows strong emotion or surprise. Hey!!! What are you doing? Whoa! that is awesome!!!

Conjunction Conjunctions connect words or groups of words together.

Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions- coordinates 2 words or clauses in a sentence. And But Or Nor For So yet

Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions- must be used together to join words or clauses. Either/or Neither/ nor Both/ and Not only/ but also Whether/ or

Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions- conjunction at the beginning of the clause and starts a dependent clause Start a dependent clause They are usually words that are adverbs or prepositions After, since, when, where, before, until, as much as, because, unless, in order that, though, although, if, that, while so, how, than

Prepositions Is a word or group of words that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun that follows it and another word in the sentence. (The doghouse or anywhere a mouse can go) Common Prepositions In, on, through, around, over, under The dog went over the fence. I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.

Preposition Prepositional phrase- group of words that starts with the preposition and ends with the object of the preposition. Object of the preposition- noun or pronoun that is related to the preposition. The dog went over the fence. I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.

Subject & Predicate Subject- the nouns or pronouns in the sentence The who or what in the sentence Predicate- the verb and everything after it What’s being done in the sentence.

Clauses Independent- have a subject and a predicate and can stand alone Dependent- have a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone.

Sentences Simple- 1 independent clause Mr. Holbrook went to the store. Compound- 2 or more independent clauses Mr. Holbrook went to the store, and Mrs. Holbrook went to school. Complex- a sentence with an independent clause and a dependent clause Although Mr. Holbrook wanted to go to the football game, he stayed home.

Objects Direct object- receives the action of the verb MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!! Subject + predicate = Direct Object The boy passed the ball. What was passed Ball

Objects Indirect objects- identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed Who or what receives the Direct Object MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!! MUST HAVE DIRECT OBJECT!!! Mr.Holbrook gave Jimmy the notes. Gave- action verb Notes- direct object Jimmy- indirect object

Predicate Adjectives Predicate adjectives follow a linking verb and describes the subject MUST HAVE A LINKING VERB!!! Mr. Holbrook is funny. Is- linking verb Funny- adjective that describes Mr. Holbrook

Predicate Nominatives Predicate nominatives follow a linking verb and tells us what the subject is (nouns and pronouns)