1. Everything you need to know!
First Quarter Review
Everything you need to know!

2. Let’s review!
The short story and its elements: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
Phrases, clauses, sentences, fragments, run-ons
Using quotation marks – see handout

3. Let’s review these things:
Parts of speech:
Noun – names a person, place, thing, or idea
Common nouns – general things; not capitalized
Proper nouns – specific things; capitalized
Pronoun – takes the place of a noun; the noun it replaces is its antecedent

4. More parts of speech to review:
Verb – Shows the action or state of being in a sentence. Are two main categories:
Action verb – can be mental or physical action
Being verb – shows what the subject “is.” A special type of being verb is a linking verb. It links the subject of a sentence to a subject complement (either a predicate noun, predicate pronoun, or predicate adjective)

5. More about verbs…
Verbs (either action, being, or linking) can be either single words (one word) or part of a verb phrase
EXAMPLE: The students are going to the chorus concert.
are going is a verb phrase.
EXAMPLE: The students are in the gym.
are is a being verb (not a linking verb)

6. Modifiers There are two types of modifiers:
Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns; they tell which one, what kind, or how many.
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs; they tell where, when, how, and to what extent.
Adjectives and adverbs can be used to describe one word or to compare two or more words.

7. Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs
Positive degree – describes one word
a pretty girl
Comparative degree – compares two words; uses the suffix “–er” or the words “more/less”
Steve’s bike is bigger than yours.
Mom’s chair is more comfortable than yours.

8. Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs
Superlative degree – compares two words; uses the suffix “–est” or the words “most/least”
Steve’s bike is the biggest in our neighborhood.
Mom’s chair is the more comfortable chair in our house.

9. Another part of speech: Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that join words, sentence parts, or entire sentences together
There are three types:
Coordinating: the FANBOYS
Subordinating: The AAWWWUBBIS
Correlative: Comes in pairs

10. How to use conjunctions
Coordinating:
I like to watch television, but John loves to play baseball.
John and Suzy are in Ms. Martin’s class.
Steve did his homework and played with his friends.

11. Subordinating Conjunctions
Begin adverb dependent clauses
After the game was over, we went out to eat.
We went out to eat after the game was over.

12. Correlative Conjunctions
These come in pairs.
Both Steve and Amy are at the game.
I will either go to the game or stay home.

13. Interjections
Interjections come usually at the beginning of a sentence; they show excitement or strong feeling but otherwise do not add to the meaning of the sentence.
Wow! Did you see that spaceship?

14. Prepositions
Prepositions show a relationship between a word in a sentence and a noun or pronoun (its object).
Prepositional phrases are used as adjectives or adverbs and modify the same words as single-word adjectives and adverbs.
Prepositional phrases NEVER contain a verb!

15. Examples of prepositional phrases
The boy in my neighborhood is Suzy’s cousin.
This prepositional phrase acts like an adjective and modifies “boy” (tells which boy)
The car traveled swiftly down the winding road.
This prepositional phrase acts like an adverb and modifies “traveled” (tells where the car traveled)

16. Things to remember:
The simple subject and simple predicate can NEVER be located in a prepositional phrase!
The words here and there can never be the simple subject of a sentence. They are adverbs that tell where.
A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses; its clauses can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.
A complex sentence is made up of one independent and one dependent clause. If the dependent clause is first, a comma must separate the two clauses.

17. Narrative Writing
See powerpoint presentation on Narrative Writing