Communication Communication Media

Learning Objectives State the definition of communication Appreciate fully the significance of effective communication in any given situation. Identify the two main types of communication; Verbal and Non-verbal. Explain the three major communication media: written, oral and electronic by giving examples

What is communication ? The word communication has originated from a Latin word “Communes” which means something common. Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feeling and emotions through speech signals, writing or behavior. In communication process, a sender encodes a message and then using a medium and send it to appropriate feedback using a medium

Communication process model Sender Message Channel Medium Receiver Feedback © PhotoDisc

Communication Channel A medium through which a message is transmitted to its intended audience (1. People or market segment at whom an advertising message or campaign is aimed. 2.Total number of readers, listeners, or viewers reached by a particular advertising medium.) such as print media (The industry associated with the printing and distribution of news through newspapers and magazines.) or broadcast (electronic) media.

Importance of communication Express thoughts, ideas and feelings Creating awareness To fulfill a goal Avoid isolated Highlight issues Progress, development Educating the masses etc.

Communication Networks Affected by: Number of people involved Complexity of the message Volume and urgency of message Confidentiality of material

Verbal Communication Message is transmitted verbally, communication is done by word, mouth and a piece of writing. Objective of every communication is to have people understood what we are trying to convey.

Parts of verbal communication Verbal Oral written

Oral Communication Spoken words are used. Face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. Communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking

Oral communication & Face-to-face discussions, telephone conservations, formal presentations and speeches Sounds and sound combinations Stress Rhythm Intonation Speed pausing Clarity of articulation Voice modulation: volume & pitch variation (avoiding “monotonous speech

Oral communication- Advantages Questions can be asked and answered directly; Feedback is immediate; he sender’s attitude can be sensed. Better relationships Time saving Effective tool of persuasion Effective tool of group communication Economical Allows to measure effectiveness immediately It’s the only way out during an emergency

Written Communication Written signs or symbols are used to communicate. May be printed or hand written. Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc. Is influenced by the vocabulary & grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.

Written communication Disadvantages Limited to literature world Time consuming Lot of paper work Needs expertise in expression Lack of immediate feedback Costly More men hours needed No immediate clarification Advantages Ready reference Legal defense Promotes uniformity Mass access Suitable for distance communication Image building Accurate and un- ambiguous Permanent in nature Permits substitution and revision

Non-verbal communication Through signs & symbols. Non-verbal can go without verbal communication. Verbal can’t go without non-verbal communication.

Importance of Non-verbal communication The way message is conveyed: words 1st Qtr 10% Body language 2nd Qtr 50% 3rd Qtr Tone of voice 40%

Types of Non-verbal communication: Types of Non-verbal Communication: KINESICS (BODY LANGUAGE) HAPTICS (TOUCH LANGUAGE) PROXEMICS ,(SPACE LANGUAGE) ARTIFACTS ENVIRONMENTAL CHRONEMICS (TIME LANGUAGE) SILENCE SIGN PARALANGUAGE VOCALIC Types of Non-verbal Communication: KINESICS (BODY LANGUAGE) FACIAL EXPRESSION HEAD EYE GAZE GESTURES POSTURES SHAPE OF BODY PERSONAL APPEARANCE ADORNMENT

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Inter-personal: between two or more people Intra-personal: a process in which people communicate with themselves either consciously or unconsciously Extra-personal: between human beings and non-human entities

Barriers in Achieving Effective Communication Different Backgrounds of Sender and Receiver Signaling- messages conveyed without words Communication Situation Quality of Message Content Speaking Skills Listening Skills Noise/Sound/Distraction

Barriers in Achieving Effective Communication Semantic Barriers- occurs when meaning is either present or absent from the language used and is not shared by both the sender and receiver. Different words in our language have different meanings. These difference is referred to as denotation and connotation Denotative – meaning created by people and understood by many, and recorded in dictionary. Connotative - refers to the attitudes or feelings a person has to a word he uses or hears e.g. RESPECT/ BEING RESPECTFUL.

Ways in Overcoming Barriers in Communication Eliminating differences in perception Use of Simple Language Reduction and elimination of noise levels   Active Listening Emotional State

Ways in Overcoming Barriers in Communication Simple Organizational Structure  Avoid Information Overload  Give Constructive Feedback  Proper Media Selection Flexibility in meeting the targets 

Mass communication Communication through electronic gadgets (mass media) like books, journals, TV, newspapers etc

MEDIA Is a means of transmitting the message, thought opinion and view point. its purpose is to facilitate communication and learning.

Broadcast or storage media that take advantage of electronic technology. Includes: television, radio, Internet, fax, CD-ROMs, DVD, and any other medium that requires electricity or digital encoding of information. The term 'electronic media' is often used in contrast with print media. (Source: businessdictionary.com/definition/electronic-media)

ELECTRONIC MEDIA Computer-based system that facilitates scholarly communication. It has its own set of concerns and issues. The Internet offers users the benefits of access, file transfer, and electronic mail(which includes electronic journals) with remote systems around the world.

Principles for scholarly system of communication protection of each users rights the freedom of all users to publish onto the network a free market status for the network dministration, remote access privacy from government eaves dropping recognition of intellectual property which includes copyright enforcement and royalty distribution.

Traditional & Hybrids Types Television 2) Radio 3) Internet 4) Smart phones (new media type, cross between Phone & internet) 5) Electronic display advertising, electronic streaming billboards (a new hybrid)

Advantages Immediacy Information & entertainment Creates awareness among people Develops thoughts & ideas Keeps one in touch with rest of the world Makes communication increasingly easier Connects diverse pple from far & near geographical locations Disadvantages Noise pollution Decision making Common diseases & complications brought on by electronic media: eye-sight exposure to radiation obesity

Electronic Media Advantage: Messages can be delivered instantly, over long distances, and to a large number of people. Disadvantage: But not all people have can access to the media.

Characteristics of effective communication Clearness and integrity of message to be conveyed. - Adequate briefing of the recipient. - Accurate plan of objectives. - Reliability and uniformity of the message. - To know the main purpose of the message. - Proper response or feedback. - Correct timing. - Use of proper medium to convey the message properly. - Use of informal communication.

Important guidelines for communication effective: - Simplify thoughts before communicating the intended message. Analyze the intent of each and every message. Consider the overall physical setting whenever you communicate. Discuss with others, where appropriate, in planning communication.

Important guidelines for communication effective: - Be careful while communicating, of the overtone as well as basic content of your message. Take the opportunity to suggest something of help or value of the receiver. Follow-up your communication. Prepare for transmitting the message in a proper way. Be sure actions support communication. Seek not only to be understood but understand.

Effective Communication

References http://www.slideshare.net/tayyabsheikhg/types-of-communication