Learning Chapter Review
In Classical Conditioning, the best results occur when the conditioned stimulus is presented a. After the unconditioned stimulus b. At the same time as the unconditioned stimulus c. Alone d. Before the unconditioned stimulus
Answer: D Before the unconditioned stimulus
Who pioneered research in classical conditioning? Sigmund Freud Ivan Pavlov Albert Bandura B.F. Skinner
Answer: B Ivan Pavlov
An unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the response that produced it is called Negative reinforcement Punishment Classical conditioning Avoidance learning
Answer: B Punishment
In classical conditioning, the responses that are conditioned are Voluntary Involuntary Operant imitative
Answer: B Involuntary
A subject responding to a second stimulus similar to the original CS is an example of Discrimination Preconditioning Generalization taste
Answer: C Generalization
A child saying “Daddy” only to his father is an example of Extinction Discrimination Generalization An unconditioned response
Answer: B Discrimination
Things that meet people’s needs, such as food, are examples of Extinction Secondary reinforcers Primary reinforcers shaping
Answer: C Primary Reinforcers
Spontaneous recovery can occur When the unconditioned stimulus is extinguished When the conditioned stimulus starts again. After systematic desensitization As a result of latent learning
Answer: B When the conditioned stimulus starts again.
Which of the following types of learning involves cognitive factors? Classical conditioning Latent learning Operant conditioning Programming learning.
Answer: B Latent Learning
Something that produces a response.
Answer: Stimulus
Form of classical conditioning in which food comes to be avoided.
Answer: Taste Aversion
Method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.
Answer: Shaping
Type of schedule in which reinforcement occurs every time the behavior occurs.
Answer: Continuous Reinforcement
Type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others.
Answer: Observational Learning.
What psychologist pioneered research on observational learning?
Answer: Albert Bandura
Through operant conditioning, people learn to control Voluntary responses Involuntary biological behaviors Unconditioned responses Unconditioned stimuli
Answer: A voluntary responses
Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence.
Answer: Response Chains.
Training an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus.
Answer: Escape Conditioning.
Most psychologists suggest that punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it May cause children to learn to hit. May cause children to run away. Does not teach the correct way to act. Does all of the above
Answer: D All of the above.
Classical or Operant? Because taking exams in the past has always led to failure and humiliation, Sam gets nervous and nauseous whenever the teacher announces that they’re about to take a quiz.
Answer: Classical!
True or False? Smiles and approval are secondary reinforcers.
Answer: False.
True or False? Cognitive psychologists view learning as mechanical.
Answer: False
True or False? The psychologist most closely associated with operant conditioning is Sigmund Freud.
Answer: False
Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced after a set number of responses. Like when a video store promises a free rental with every 5 paid rentals.
What is a Fixed-Ratio?
Actions taken which result in something positive being taken away and the behavior is less likely to occur again .
Omission Training
Type of Reinforcement schedule were reinforcement is given every time the desired behavior occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
Operant or Classical? Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. As a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year.
This is Operant Conditioning because school performance is a voluntary behavior. The credit card is a positive reinforcement because it is given and it increases the behavior.
Operant or Classical Conditioning? You eat a new food and then get sick because of the flu. However, you develop a dislike for the food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.
This is an example of Classical Conditioning because nausea is an automatic response. The flu sickness is the US. The nausea is the UR. The new food is the CS. The nausea to the new food is the CR.