Scientific Revolution Chapter 15, Lesson 1 EQ: Why do new ideas often spark change?

Academic Vocabulary Geocentric Heliocentric Universal law of gravitation Rationalism Scientific method Inductive reasoning

Bell Ringer  How have people built upon the ideas and inventions discovered during the Scientific Revolution?

What brings about the Scientific Revolution? Growth of Universities Italian Renaissance Renewed emphasis on mathematics Better scientific instruments Interest in the Islamic World

Influence of Mathematics on the Scientific Revolution European Middle Ages thinkers relied on ancient philosophers, and didn’t make observations of the natural world. Renaissance humanists changed that when they discover ancient works that challenged ancient philosophers. Renaissance thinkers believed that mathematics was the key to understanding the nature of things in the universe

Early Scientists & Revolution in Astronomy As scientists study the world they developed theories, ideas on how something happens based on observations. European interest in astronomy led to new discoveries and ideas about Earth and its place in the universe.

Activity #1 Complete the table found on pg. 268. List the contributions of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton

The Ptolemaic System (100s AD) What are the key points of the Ptolemaic system? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GevV1yvMJbc • Geocentric model: Earth is the center of the universe Planets rotate around Earth. • The rotation of the spheres makes the heavenly bodies rotate about Earth. • God exists outside the universe, beyond the outermost sphere

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fbCIQK977Y • Astronomer and mathematician • Disagreed with Ptolemy—believed the sun was the center of the universe Heliocentric Theory (sun-centered theory) • Through his theory of the universe, influenced other scientists of Scientific Revolution On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)

• Astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a19LTnXkyVQ • Astronomer and mathematician • Discovered that planets have elliptical orbits around sun • Worked out laws governing speeds of planetary orbits • Built on Copernican theory, providing basis for discoveries of future astronomers

Believed knowledge could only be found by experimenting Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Believed knowledge could only be found by experimenting Believed scientific instruments needed to be perfected to help humans explore their world Clock, telescope https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QUegBP3qwg • Italian astronomer and mathematician • Discovered moons of Jupiter, sunspots, and mountains on Earth’s moon • Formulated law of falling bodies, revolutionizing study of motion by allowing scientists to analyze and predict movements of everything from cannonballs to planets Galileo reached the conclusion that bodies fall on the surface of the earth at a constant acceleration, and that the force of gravity which causes all bodies to move downward is a constant force.

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation • The universal law of gravitation is one of Newton’s three rules of motion. • It explains that planetary bodies continue in elliptical orbits around the sun because of a force called gravity. • The law is universal— applies to all. Provided basis for idea that universe functions like a huge machine, according to natural laws http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/isaac-newton-and-a-scientific-revolution

Science and Technology: Sir Isaac Newton Read the Visual Literacy Activity Answer the question on the article

Bell Ringer: Rationalism Read pg. 272 Descartes and Rationalism In your notebook. What does the phrase “I think therefore I’am” mean?

Rene Descartes and Rationalism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A6UKoMcE10 New ideas about the universe brought about by the Scientific Revolution strongly changed the view about mankind. Descartes, a French philosopher came up with a philosophy that influenced the way we think. Start with doubt, but it is certain (I exist)  Accept only those things that reason said were truth “I think, therefore I am” Matter (stuff around you) and Mind are separate, thus we can investigate using reason Father of modern rationalism

A Revolution in Science In 1500s Europeans thinkers began to break with the old scientific ideas. Science can only be understood through experimentation. Led to a revolution in science and the search for knowledge.

New Scientific Discoveries Scientific revolution led to new discoveries in physics, medicine, and chemistry Scientific revolution continued to spread in the 1600s and 1700s.

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Father of the Scientific Method = an orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence Ideas on traditions should be put aside, and emphasized useful knowledge

Francis Bacon and the Scientific Method How did Bacon, an English philosopher, contribute to the Scientific Revolution? • Developed scientific method o Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence o Crucial to the evolution of modern science • Advocated inductive reasoning o Reasoning from particulars to generalities o Begins with set of detailed facts o From them, derives general principle or explanation

The Triumph of Reason Using the scientific method, Europeans of the 1600s and 1700s developed new ideas about society. Scientists began to apply science to society. By using reason people could learn how the universe works. Once they know how the world works, then humans can fix existing problems and make life better.

Consequences of the Scientific Revolution Rise of the “Scientific Community” --Royal Society of London (1662) --Academy of Royal Sciences (1666) The modern scientific method A universe ordered according to natural laws

Classwork: pg. 273, Ch. 15. 1 Review Questions #1, 3, 4, 5, 6