1. I. The Scientific Revolution A big part of the scientific revolution was the changes in the way Europeans looked at themselves and their world.

2.  “Natural philosophers” as medieval scientists were known, did not make observations of the natural world.  Relied on ancient authorities like Aristotle for their scientific knowledge.

3. 1.Impact of the Renaissance Renaissance humanists had mastered Greek as well as Latin. This allowed them access to newly discovered works by Ptolemy,(TAH luh mee) Archimedes and Plato. 2.New technology and mathematics Technical problems that required careful observation and accurate measurements served to stimulate scientific activity. Invention of new instruments like the telescope and microscope made new discoveries possible. The printing press helped spread new ideas quickly and easily. Mathematics played a key role in the scientific achievements. Modern day, studied olden days, and developed new theories that became the foundation of the Science Revolution.

4. Say what !!!!

5.  This system is geocentric because it places Earth at the center of the universe.  The tenth sphere is the “prime mover.” Beyond the tenth sphere is heaven, where gods resides. The Church would like this view of the universe.

6.  Nicolas Copernicus thought that the universe was heliocentric, or sun centered. He told people the apparent movement of the sun around the Earth was caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis.  Johannes Kepler used detailed astronomical data to arrive at his laws of planetary motion. Proved that planets orbits were elliptical. (egg shaped)

7.  User of a telescope. Used it to prove sun center and that the heavenly bodies were composed of material substances just like earth. He found himself in conflict with church. Church told him to recant his thoughts as they were against the church doctrines. Most people agreed with Galileo but motion in the universe had not been explained.

8. He defined three laws of motion that governed the planetary bodies. Crucial was the universal law of gravitation which expands why the planetary bodies continue their elliptical orbits about the sun. Explained by force of gravity. He also talked about the world machine concept of the universe.

9.  Galen, Greek physician from Middle Ages, had dominated teachings here. Many ideas are to be proven wrong.  William Harvey showed that the beginning point for the circulation of blood was the heart.

10.  Robert Boyle was one of the first to conduct controlled experiments in chemistry. His work on the properties of gases led to Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law is the volume of gases varies with the pressure exerted on it. Antoine Lavoisier invented a system for naming chemical elements, still used today, founder of modern chemistry.

12. 1. Margaret Cavendish Was especially critical of the growing belief that humans through science were the masters of nature. 2.Maria Winkelmann Female astronomer-discovered a comet.

14. Descartes began by thinking and writing about the doubt and uncertainty that seemed to be everywhere. One fact seemed to him to be beyond doubt-his own existence. He emphasized the importance of his mind. He would accept only those things that reason said were true. “I think. Therefore I am.” Was called the father of modern rationalism. This system of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

15.  Scientific method-systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. Was crucial to evolution of science in the modern world. Was developed by Francis Bacon.  Francis Bacon believed that scientist should learn about nature by using inductive reasoning-proceeding from the particular to the general. Was more concerned with practical matters than pure science. Observed natural events, propose a hypotheses (theory), or possible explanation, then do experiments to test theory. This will lead to correct general principle.

16.  Sun-centered model of the universe  Heliocentric  He developed laws of planetary motion  Kepler  His observations suggested that planets had substance.  Galileo

17. Francis Bacon, who developed the scientific method, was also what? Philosopher This included a systematic procedure, based on collecting and analyzing evidence, and crucial to the evolution of science. Scientific method

18.  Egg-shaped  Elliptical  Law of universal attraction  Gravity  Proceeding from the particular to the general is called what?  Inductive reasoning

19.  Rene Descartes believed in one absolute truth,  which was?  His own existence  Rationalism is the belief that reason is the chief source of what?  knowledge