Hygiene 6th Grade Health

Caring for your skin Epidermis- the outer layer of skin Dermis- the layer of living cells below the epidermis. Acne- is an inflammation of the skin that happens when pores get clogged with dirt and oil.( the bumps that develop are called pimples)

Caring for your skin Wash it thoroughly ( showering every day can keep bacteria under control) Use warm water and soap, Use hands or a soft cloth Acne Do not squeeze or disrupt pimples Stress may make acne worse Get plenty of rest Eat a healthy diet ( food does not cause acne) Sun Use a sunscreen of at least spf 15 wear hats, and clothing that can protect you from the sun Body odor When you sweat bacteria on your skin multiply and cause body odor. Use antiperspirant or deodorant to control the perspiration and odor.

Hair Hair grows from follicles and is made from a material called keratin. Follicles – small pockets in the dermis where hair grows out of. Hair Care: Wash- at least twice a week; use mild shampoo and warm water. Trimming- helps keep your hair neat and healthy Brushing- use a soft brush(moves oils down the hair shaft, makes hair shine and look attractive) Problems: Dandruff – flaky dried clumps of dead cells Head lice – are small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood. Warning! Hair dryers, straitening irons, and curling irons can damage your hair and rob it of the oils it needs to be healthy.

Nails Your nails are made of keratin that forms hard layers. Protect the sensitive ends of your fingers and toes. Help with everyday tasks like picking things up. Cuticle – is a thin flap of skin around the nail Nail care: Keep cleaned –wash your hands and clean under your nails with a brush. Keep trimmed – use nail clipper or nail scissors Problems: Hangnail – splits in the cuticle along the edge of the nail. (can be painful if left untrimmed) Ingrown Nail – a condition in which the nail pushes into the skin on the side of the nail.(can be caused by cutting nail too short)

Teeth Ways to care for your teeth Brushing – try to brush your teeth after every meal but at least twice a day. Flossing – floss at least once a day to remove particle between teeth and gums that your toothbrush can’t reach Regular dental check-ups – you should visit your dentist at least twice a year. Fluoride – substance effective in fighting plaque. (in most toothpaste) Mouthwash – reduces plaque and kills bacteria. Low sugar diet – too much candy, sweets, and sugary drinks can build plaque and increase cavities.

Problems with teeth Plaque – a sticky layer of bacteria that lives in your mouth. Tartar – A hard yellowish deposit on the teeth; after a few days plaque hardens and becomes tartar (Once formed brushing alone is not enough) Cavity – decay starts when acid under plaque or tartar eats a hole in the tooth Abscess – pus collects in the bone sockets around the tooth. Gingivitis – a gum disease caused by plaque or decaying food being caught between the teeth. ( signs are gums will bleed and swell)

Eye Care Wear protective face mask or goggles whenever your eyes could be hit or hurt. Wear sunglasses to prevent eye damage from the sun. Don’t rub eyes. Rubbing eyes can spread germs from your hands to your eyes. Get regular eye exams. Don’t wear glasses that are prescribed for someone else.

Common Eye Problems Condition What is the difficulty? What can be done? Nearsightedness (NIR SIET id nis) Seeing things at a distance Glasses or contact lenses; surgery is an option for adults Farsightedness (FAHR SEIT id nis) Seeing things up close Glasses or contact lenses Astigmatism (uh STIG muh TIZ uhm) Seeing things clearly Colorblindness Telling the difference between certain colors No treatment; person adjust to condition without treatment

Hearing and Ear Care Protect your ears from loud sounds. You can protect your ears by wearing protective plugs or headphones whenever you are near loud sounds. Don’t put anything in your ear canal. Putting anything into your ear canal can damage your eardrum. Clean your ears regularly. Wash your ears in the shower when you wash your hair. Get regular check - ups

Hearing Problems Loud sounds – listening to loud sounds can cause permanent hearing damage. Ear wax buildup – ear wax builds up and hardens in the ear canal. It can block sound waves and prevent the ear drum from vibrating. Middle ear infections – infections can cause a fluid buildup, which can prevent the ear drum from vibrating properly.