Agenda: Entertainment in the Gilded Age Reminder: Vocab Quiz Monday Gilded Age Test Thursday October 6

Black Social and Economic Progress Chapter 9 Key Terms Complete This t Chart Black Social and Economic Progress Pages 324-325 philanthropists Niagara Movement vaudeville yellow journalism poll tax segregation grandfather clause Jim Crow Laws lynching Plessy v. Ferguson NAACP Booker T. Washington WEB DuBois List characteristics and information to describe his approach.

  Gilded Age Test Thursday ! Copy these notes in your Spiral

Founded the Tuskegee Institute List characteristics and information to describe their approach. Booker T. Washington WEB DuBois Founded the Tuskegee Institute Instructed his students to focus on political equality through economic security by gaining vocational skills Felt Blacks could achieve acceptance by succeeding economically 1st African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard Encouraged African American’s to be leaders Encouraged African Americans to seek advanced liberal arts education rather than vocational. Founded the Niagara Movement Became a leader of the NAACP

Booker T. And W.E.B. by Dudley Randall “It seems to me,” said Booker T., “That all you folks have missed the boat Who shout about the right to vote, And spend vain days and sleepless nights In uproar over civil rights. Just keep your mouth shut, do not grouse But work, and save, and buy a house.”   “I don’t agree,” said W.E.B., “For what can property avail If dignity and justice fail? Unless you help to make the laws, They’ll steal your house with trumped-up clause. A rope’s as tight, a fire as hot, No matter how much cash you’ve got. Speak soft, and try your little plan. But as for me, I’ll be a man.” “It seems to me,” said Booker T. – “I don’t agree,” said W.E.B. Booker T. And W.E.B. by Dudley Randall “It seems to me,” said Booker T., “It shows a mighty lot of cheek To study chemistry and Greek When Mister Charlie needs a hand To hoe the cotton on his land. And when Miss Ann looks for a cook, Why stick your nose into a book?”   “I don’t agree,” said W.E.B. “If I should have the drive to seek Knowledge of chemistry or Greek, I’ll do it. Charles and Miss can look Another place for hand and cook. Some men rejoice in skill of hand, And some in cultivating land, But there are others who maintain The right to cultivate the brain.”

Sporting events, especially baseball became a favorite pastime Vaudeville, movies, amusement parks & other forms of entertainment became popular Sporting events, especially baseball became a favorite pastime

Newspaper circulation soared Magazines became more popular and circulation increased The Fisk Jubilee Singers went on a concert tour, introducing white audiences to religious folk songs called spirituals

Technology of the trolley led to the development of amusement parks 1 of the sources was the minstrel show in which actors wore “black face” (exaggerated caricature of African Americans) Family entertainment: song & dance routines, magic acts, performances by ventriloquists, jugglers and animals Inexpensive variety show that 1st appeared in the 1870’s - Based on ethnic & racial humor “trolley parks” Featured music, games of skill, vaudeville productions & exciting rides Technology of the trolley led to the development of amusement parks Inexpensive excursion from the city Anticipation was built through early flyers, followed by the arrival of the train -People gathered to watch the big top go up, then a parade - followed by the performance. Performances by stunt men, entertainers, animals, etc under the big top Circus train – 1872 Became an annual visit Various groups formed sports clubs – proved to have a large audience for games so entrepreneurs closed stadiums and started charging admission The competition, entertainment Speed & timing of the game Baseball, boxing, horse racing, football, basketball (only major sport of exclusive American origin) bicycling, tennis, swimming

Melodies with shifting accents over a steady, marching – band beat 1899 – a composer wrote “Maple Leaf Rag” which became popular Infectious beat became popular New style Infectious Became the rage Dance clubs Grew out of the culture of New Orleans and traveled North A type of music of black origin a religious song of a kind associated with black Christians of the southern US, and thought to derive from the combination of European hymns and African musical elements by black slaves. The Fisk Jubilee Singers went on a concert tour, introducing white audiences to religious folk songs As it became more popular aquired characteristics of European musical traditions Became identified as an American art form

 

Plessy v. Ferguson When finished on your Star answer Who was involve? Read Plessy V Ferguson with your Table Team. (Person #2 Reads first) You have 12 minutes When finished on your Star answer Who was involve? Where did it take place? When did it happen? Why did it happen? What was the issue? Summary Plessy v Ferguson is significant in U.S. History because ….. I learned….. (and something different you learned from the importance)

Gilded Age Test TOMORROW!

It provided grants to Pacific & Union Railway to complete the railroad New York, Ellis Island Provided them jobs Southern & Eastern Europe Age of corruption Poor conditions in tenements & slums immigration Unofficial city organization to keep a particular party or group in power. They were corrupt. Silver standard to help the farmers Extreme hatred for foreigners & they wanted to limit immigration They should be educated to be leaders and aid in civil rights movements. A separation of white & African Americans/ Plessy v Ferguson Dubois believed they should be educated & Washington believed they should gain economic status. Civil rights organization to fight discrimination in court Laws creating segregation through separate equal They were corrupt.

Cities grew (urbanization) Chinese Exclusion Act/ Asians Ellis Island__________ Angel Island___________________ Rich got richer & poor got poorer Political cartoonist who created Republican Elephant & Democratic Donkey When immigrants bring their ideas & culture & melt it into American culture. population growth. vaudeville, circuses Education, healthcare National Association for Advancement of Colored People inexpensive entertainment

Background of the case: In 1890 Louisiana passed a law ordering railroads in the state “to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races.” Railway personnel were responsible for assigning seats according to race.

June 7, 1892 Homer Plessy, a native of Louisiana, who could “pass” for white agreed to the test case so he sat in in the white section and was arrested He was tried and found guilty of violating the law He appealed to the Louisiana Supreme Court and then to the US Supreme Court.

Constitutional Issue: 13th Amendment - The segregated society that the south had created contained the essential features of the slave society before it. 14th Amendment The segregated society denied him “equal protection of the law” What is it? What is it?

The Decision: 8 out of the 9 judges denied his appeal. Justice Henry Brown wrote the Majority opinion stating that their decision was based on: Does not violate the 13th amendment because “a legal distinction between white and colored races… has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races”

Does not violate the 14th Amendment because the amendment “was not intended to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil equality” and the court cannot enforce social equality. Simply stated – court can’t make us all be friends

In his famous dissenting opinion, John Marshall Harlan attacked the constitutionality of the Louisiana law and argued that while the law may appear to treat blacks and whites equally, "every one knows that the statute in question had its origin in the purpose, not so much to exclude white persons from railroad cars occupied by blacks, as to exclude colored people from coaches occupied by or assigned to white persons.“ Harlan saw the Constitution as “color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.”

Separate but equal Plessy v. Ferguson will be the law of the land for over 50 years.

African Americans and Women During the Gilded Age

African American Men: In the South, by 1908 there were no more black state representatives By 1900, there was only one Southern black Congressmen in Washington By 1885- there was noticeable public discrimination in theaters, restaurants, hotels, etc. in the South. Disenfranchisement of blacks begins (literacy tests, poll taxes) 1883- legal segregation begins in the South lynchings average around 190 each year some men became lawyers, doctors, professors and wealthy business owners educated and wealthy blacks could go to Harvard, Yale, Columbia, as well as many other universities

Women: “Women’s God-given role, if to be stated, is as wife and mother, keeper of the household, guardian of the moral purity of all who lived therein.” 95% of married women stayed home in 1880-1890 had little outside contact of the home; often had a servant who went to market and did all outside chores rose around 4:30 and did chores (cooking, cleaning, keeping fire, sewing, wash, etc.) until 8:00 women were measured by how happy their husband was, how moral their children were and how clean, neat and organized your home was. Wear a corset: this exerted 22 pounds of pressure on internal organs, which often caused collapsed lungs and displaced livers. Could go to a few male colleges but were segregated and told that they “could not maintain the academic rigor of the male population.” All-female colleges began that offered varied courses but upon graduation women found it difficult to get a job as anything else besides secretary, nurse, or teacher.

1890 Writing Assignment We have studied Plessy v. Ferguson, and glimpsed at the condition of both African Americans and women during the Gilded Age. In one paragraph tell me, if given the choice, would you have rather been an African American man or a white woman in the year 1890 and why. You must choose one and you must give REAL, VALID arguments to back your position. Use your Plessy v. Ferguson notes, notes on men & women during the Gilded Age, Chapter nine of your textbook and the notes to support your answer. While you must include historical proof, you may also include some of your own sociological observations on race and gender.

Tell about someone’s life! Bio-Poem Tell about someone’s life! Format: Name 4 descriptive words Who cares deeply about __________ Who feels _____________________ Who needs to __________________ Who gives _____________________ Who fears _____________________ Who would like to see ___________ Resident of ____________________ EXAMPLE: Abraham Tall, thin, motivated, bearded Who cares deeply about all men Who feels sad much of the time, sometimes alone in the world Who needs to win the hearts of all his countrymen Who gives love to his family, advice to his generals, consolation to a sorrowing nation, Who fears the dissolution of the American union, Who would like to see every man respected for his God-given dignity, Resident of 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. You will create 1 Bio Poems: Choose 1 of the following: WEB DuBois Booker T Washington