1. Ch 11, Sec 3: The Rise of Segregation

2. Objectives
Discuss how African Americans in the South were disfranchised and how segregation was legalized.
Describe three major African American leaders’ responses to discrimination

3. African Americans in the late 1800s
Lived in virtual slavery in the South
Sharecroppers-rent the land by paying landowner a portion of their crops
In debt
Uneducated
Many left the south
for a better life

4. Exodus to Kansas
1879-Benjamin Singleton took 1000s of African Americans to Kansas to live
Known as Exodusters

5. African Americans Join New Alliances
Joined poor whites in the Farmers’ Alliance
Created The Colored Farmers’ National Alliance in Texas
1.2 million members in 4 years
Wanted to challenge the Democratic Party in the South

6. Southern Democrats Fight Back
Feared poor whites teaming up with African Americans
Started using racism to make poor whites rethink their alliances
Started making it harder for African Americans to vote

7. New Voting Requirements
15th Amendment says everyone can vote
Southerners required people to take literacy tests, own property, or pay a poll tax of $2 to vote
Only applied to African Americans
LA-130,000 down to 5,300
AL-181,00 down to 3,700

8. Grandfather Clause
Problem: Poor whites who could not read, pay the poll tax, or own land could not vote
Grandfather clause-said poor whites who had a relative on the voting books in 1867 could vote
Allowed poor whites to vote
but still kept out former slaves

9. African Americans in the North
Separated by segregation
Kept down through Jim Crow Laws

10. 1883 Supreme Court Ruling Overturned by Civil Rights Act of 1875
Said states could not violate a person’s rights based on race
Allowed private businesses to practice segregation
Hotels, swimming pools,
bathrooms, restaurants,
water fountains, RR cars

11. Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Plessy (African American) arrested in LA for riding on the whites only RR car
Plessy said his rights were violated
Judge Ferguson said the law was constitutional
1896-Supreme Court heard the case and said “separate but equal” was legal
Legal racism through the 1960s

13. Mob Violence in the South
African Americans were targeted in the South
187 lynchings took place each year by 1900
80% in the South
70% were African Americans
Public venues for the whole town to witness or could be private acts

14. Ida B. Wells African American in Tennessee
Wrote articles against lynching in newspapers
Was forced to move to Chicago but continued her cause
Tried to get an anti-lynching law passed-failed
Helped to reduce the number of lynchings in the U.S.

15. Booker T. Washington Wanted African Americans to
strive for Economic goals
Gave a speech known as the
Atlanta Compromise
Encouraged African Americans to become educated and learn new trades to get equality
Created the Tuskegee Institute

16. W.E.B. Du Bois
Believed that no matter how much education and success was achieved by African Americans, they would still not be equal
Said African Americans needed full voting rights
Started the NAACP
Inspired the roots for the
Civil Rights Movement in
the 1960s