Chapter 26, lesson 3 objective: January 5, 2017 Bell Ringer: Think of a family member or someone you know who has one of the diseases discussed in yesterdays lesson. What does this person do to manage the disease or its symptoms? Chapter 26, lesson 3 objective:

Words to know Allergy Histamines Asthma Diabetes Autoimmune disease Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Words to know

Sneezing & runny noses often associated with a cold are sometimes a response to a substance in the air. An Allergy is a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance. Allergies are among the common causes of illness and disability in the US, affecting 40 to 50 million people. allergies

allergies What are some of the common things you get allergies from? Pollen, food, dust, mold, spores, chemicals, insect venom, and medicines are some of the more common allergens (substances that cause allergies). The body treats these allergens as foreign invaders. Histamines (chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production in the area) produce the sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose and other symptoms that make you have an allergic reaction to that product. allergies

Diagnosing Allergies Sometimes you can diagnose an allergy. You may notice that when you are near certain kinds of plants you sneeze or that eating particular foods makes you break out in a rash (me with a cantaloupe). In some cases, tests are required to determine the cause. Three common methods used: a blood test, food elimination diet, and a skin test. Diagnosing Allergies

Types of Allergy Tests

Some allergic reactions can lead to asthma (inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing). More than 17 million people in the US have asthma, and each year more than 5,000 Americans die of this disease. Asthma can develop at any age; however about one-third of those with asthma are under the age of 18. asthma

The bronchial tubes of people with asthma are sensitive to certain substances that we call triggers. What do you think are some common triggers? Pollution, pet dander, tobacco smoke, microscopic mold, pollen and dust mites. asthma

Brain teaser

Brain teaser answer

Monitor the condition: recognize warning signs of an attack: shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain, coughing or sneezing Manage the environment: reduce asthma triggers: avoid expose to tobacco smoke, eliminate carpet and rugs when possible; wash bedding frequently Manage stress: stress can trigger an attack Take proper medication: relieves symptoms, prevent flare-ups and make air passages less sensitive to asthma Managing Asthma

Diabetes: a chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy caused by a buildup of glucose in the blood. Each year, approximately 1 million new cases are diagnosed. There is no cure for diabetes. With diabetes, the pancreas produces too little or no insulin (the hormone that helps glucose enter the body’s cell). Without this, there is no energy from glucose, and it’s hard for the body to function. There are two types: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes

Accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes cases, appears suddenly and progresses quickly. The body does not produce insulin, and glucose builds up in the blood = no energy. Can cause damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Also known as Autoimmune disease (condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues and organs of a person’s body.) The two that are autoimmune diseases are : type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Take daily insulin, through a tube or injections. Type 1 Diabetes

Accounts for 90-95% of cases and appears most often after age 40 but can be found in younger ages as well. Type 2 is nearing epidemic proportions because of an increased # of older individuals and an increase in obesity and inactive lifestyle. Treatment includes weight management and regular exercise. You also monitor their diet in order to control their blood-sugar level. Type 2 diabetes

A group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints. One of the most common medical problems in the world and the # one cause of disability in the US- more than 1 in 6 people suffer from the disease. 8.4 million people between the ages of 18 and 44 have arthritis, and millions of others are at risk of it. Arthritis

Osteoarthritis A disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down. What is cartilage? This is the strong, flexible tissue that provides cushioning at the joints. In this disease, the cartilage becomes pitted and frayed (broke and fragile). It usually only affects the weight-bearing joints of the knees and hips, it can affect any joint – fingers, lower back and feet- and causes aches and soreness, especially when moving. Osteoarthritis

A disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation. Caused by an autoimmune disease/ Sufferers are likely to experience joint pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Lesson 3 activity Mach each definition with the correct term: 1. a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance. 2. a chronic disease that affects the way the body cells convert food into energy. 3. a disease characterized by the deliberating destruction of the joints due to inflammation 4. A disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down. 5. chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production in the area *Rheumatoid arthritis *Osteoarthritis *allergy *Diabetes *histamines Lesson 3 activity