1. Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Bellringer
List all the hereditary diseases you can think of. How might a person with one of these diseases deal with the disease?
List as many things you can think of that a person may have an allergic reaction to.
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2. Immune/Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Other Diseases and Disabilities
Hereditary Diseases
&
Immune/Autoimmune Diseases
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3. Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Objectives
Identify how genes are involved in hereditary diseases
Compare the 3 different types of hereditary diseases
Summarize 3 ways that a person with a genetic disease can cope with the disease
Compare immune and autoimmune diseases
Describe 2 types of immune disorders
Describe 2 types of autoimmune diseases
Summarize how people can cope with immune disorders and autoimmune diseases
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4. What Are Hereditary Diseases?
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
What Are Hereditary Diseases?
Hereditary diseases are caused by abnormal chromosomes or by defective genes inherited from one or both parents.
Genes are segments of DNA located on a chromosome that code for a specific hereditary trait.
Mutations are changes to a gene. Mutations can cause a disease or increase a person’s chances of getting a disease.
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5. Chapter 15 “Genetic Disease”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Genetic Disease”
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6. Types of Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Hereditary Diseases
Single-gene diseases occur when a single gene out of the 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the body has a harmful mutation.
In complex diseases, more than one gene influences the onset of the disease. Lifestyle behaviors also contribute to complex diseases.
Chromosomal diseases occur when a person has the wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome. Down syndrome occurs when a person has 3 copies of the 21st chromosome instead of 2.
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7. “Single-Gene Diseases”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Single-Gene Diseases”
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8. Chapter 15 “Complex Diseases”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Complex Diseases”
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9. “Chromosomal Diseases”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Chromosomal Diseases”
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10. Chapter 15 Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
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11. Coping with Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Coping with Hereditary Diseases
Genetic counseling informs a person or couple about their genetic makeup.
Knowing your genetic makeup can help you understand the chances of passing on a hereditary disease to a child.
You should keep personal health records and know the records of your family.
Reading current information about a hereditary disease is a good first step toward coping with the disease.
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12. Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
The Human Genome Project was a research effort to determine the locations of all human genes on the chromosomes and to read the coded instructions on the genes. The project was completed in 2003.
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13. Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
Scientists hope to use the information from the Human Genome Project to treat hereditary diseases in different ways, including:
• targeting specific diseases with drugs
• making drugs to prevent diseases
• improving gene therapy
• creating genetic tests that can tell you which hereditary diseases you might develop.
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14. “Fighting Cancer with Gene Therapy”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Fighting Cancer with Gene Therapy”
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15. Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Future Medical Treatment for Hereditary Diseases
Our growing knowledge of human genes raises some concerns. People are concerned about potential genetic discrimination or that techniques could be used to change characteristics such as eye color, height, or intelligence.
However, this new information is expected to help save many lives.
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16. Chapter 15 “Designer Babies”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Designer Babies”
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17. Chapter 15 Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
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18. What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases?
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases?
Immune disorders are the result of the immune system failing to function properly.
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the immune system attacks the cells of the body that the immune system normally protects.
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19. Types of Immune Disorders
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Immune Disorders
Allergies are reactions by the immune system to harmless substances.
Triggers include foods, dust, plant pollen, and animals (allergens)
Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes
Prevention includes:
Avoiding known allergens
Washing sheets/blankets
weekly
Cleaning bathrooms/kitchens
to avoid molds
Allergy medications
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20. Chapter 15 “What are Allergies?”
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
“What are Allergies?”
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21. “Preventing and Treating Allergies”
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
“Preventing and Treating Allergies”
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22. Chapter 15 “What is Asthma?”
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
“What is Asthma?”
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23. Types of Immune Disorders
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Immune Disorders
Asthma is an immune disorder in which the airways that carry air into the lungs to become narrow and clogged with mucus.
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24. Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
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25. Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Asthma
The bronchioles are covered with rings of muscle that adjust the width of the tubes, which allows your lungs to take in more or less air.
Triggers can cause the airways of the lungs to narrow; these airways can be too sensitive and tighten in response to certain things.
During an asthma attack, the lining of these air passages may also swell and become inflamed, making breathing difficult.
If an asthmatic is showing symptoms, measures should be taken to ensure the air quality in that individual’s environment
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26. Chapter 15 Asthma Triggers include:
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Asthma
Triggers include:
Dust
Cigarette smoke
Stress
Exercise
Foods
Pollution
Inhaled allergens, e.g. pollens, mold, dust mites, animal hair
Changes in temperature and weather conditions
Chemicals and strong fragrances, e.g. spray deodorants
Certain drugs, e.g. aspirin
Virus – like cold or flu
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27. Chapter 15 Asthma When the tubes narrow, drawing a breath is hard
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Asthma
When the tubes narrow, drawing a breath is hard
Asthmatics often explain that breathing during an asthma attack is like breathing through a straw
Other symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness
Asthma attacks are very serious and can be life threatening
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28. Avoiding substances that irritate the lungs
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Asthma
Prevention:
Avoiding substances that irritate the lungs
Long-term control drugs and quick-relief drugs to relieve symptoms
Moderate exercise can also help strengthen the lungs
These treatments help asthmatics lead a normal, active life
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29. Chapter 15 “Fighting for Air”
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
“Fighting for Air”
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30. Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints that occurs when cartilage in the joints is damaged.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the lining of the joints.
Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis that is not an autoimmune disease. Instead, the breakdown of cartilage is due to age.
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31. Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks myelin, the fatty insulation on nerves in the brain and spinal cord.
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32. Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
If you are diagnosed with an immune disorder or autoimmune disease:
Understand your disorder and your doctor’s treatment plan.
Follow the treatment plan.
Let your doctor know about new symptoms.
Be honest with your doctor.
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