Studying Geography Preview Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements World Geography Today 11/26/2017 Studying Geography Preview Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 1

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Read to Discover What are the two main branches of geography? How do we use geography? What are some ways we can organize our world and the study of geography?

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Question What are the two main branches of geography?

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Human Geography Physical Geography Both • Studies distribution and characteristics of the world’s people (where people live and what they do) • Examines how people make and trade things that they need to survive • Focuses on Earth’s natural environments, including landforms, water features, plants, animals, and other physical features • Studies the processes that shape physical environments • Studies how people interact with their environments

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements We Use Geography: In Government—For mapmaking and planning In Business—For marketing and development In Schools—For education Every Day—To find our way in town or on trips, when we watch the news and weather, when we read about other countries, when we make decisions about locations for events or businesses

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizing the World by Regions Formal—Has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas Functional—Different places that are linked together and function as a unit Perceptual—Reflects human feelings and attitudes

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizing the Study of Geography Organizing the Study of Geography By Five Themes Location—Exact or relative spot of something on Earth Place—Physical and human features of a location Human-Environment Interaction—Ways people and environments interrelate with and affect each other Movement—How people and things change locations and the effects of these changes Region—Geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements The World in Spatial Terms How to use maps and other tools How to use mental maps to organize information How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Places and Regions The physical and human characteristics of places How people create regions to interpret Earth How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and regions

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society The physical processes that shape Earth’s surface The distribution of ecosystems on Earth The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations The complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth The patterns of human settlement

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society The forces of cooperation and conflict How human actions modify the physical environment How physical systems affect human systems The distribution and meaning of resources The Uses of Geography Apply geography to interpret the past Apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Read to Discover How do geographers and mapmakers organize our world? What kinds of special maps do geographers use? How do geographers use climate graphs and population pyramids?

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Geographers and Mapmakers Organize By drawing lines on the globe By identifying hemispheres, landmasses, and bodies of water By making and using maps

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Question What are characteristics of the three map projection types?

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Map Projection Advantages Disadvantages Cylindrical Used by navigators because it shows true direction and shape Exaggerates landmasses at high latitudes Conic Accurate for areas with long east-west dimensions Not as accurate for areas that extend mostly north to south Used by pilots and navigators because it shows true direction and area sizes Flat-Plane Distorts shapes

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Special-Purpose Maps Climate and Precipitation Maps—Show weather patterns and atmospheric conditions Population and Economic Maps—Show the distribution of people, natural resources, and land usage patterns Elevation Profiles and Topographic Maps—Show physical features of the land

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Important Geographic Characteristics Climate graphs show average temperatures and precipitation in a place. Population pyramids show percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population. They help us understand population trends.

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas World Geography Today 11/26/2017 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas What are two main branches in the study of geography? What six essential elements help us organize the study of geography? How are the three kinds of regions defined? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three main map projections? What are six kinds of special-purpose maps? Chapter 1