1. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Why Study Geography? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDk06h7Abb w&feature=fvwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDk06h7Abb w&feature=fvw

2. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Question What are the two main branches of geography? Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

3. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Studies distribution and characteristics of the world’s people (where people live and what they do) Examines how people make and trade things that they need to survive Focuses on Earth’s natural environments, including landforms, water features, plants, animals, and other physical features Studies the processes that shape physical environments Studies how people interact with their environments Human Geography Physical Geography Both Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

4. World Geography TodayChapter 1 We Use Geography: In Government—For mapmaking and planning In Business—For marketing and development In Schools—For education Every Day—To find our way in town or on trips, when we watch the news and weather, when we read about other countries, when we make decisions about locations for events or businesses Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

5. World Geography TodayChapter 1 By Five Themes Location—Exact or relative spot of something on Earth Place—Physical and human features of a location Human-Environment Interaction—Ways people and environments interrelate with and affect each other Movement—How people and things change locations and the effects of these changes Region—Geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizing the Study of Geography

6. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Location "Where are we?" is the question that the theme Location answers. Location may be absolute or it may be relative. These locations, whether relative or absolute, may be of people or places. An absolute location is a latitude and longitude (a global location) or a street address (local location). Ex: Paris, France is 48 o 51' North latitude and 2.20' East longitude

7. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Relative locations are described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another and may associate a particular place with another. Ex: Paris is located along the Seine River.

8. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Place What kind of place is it? What do you think of when you imagine China? Japan? Russia? Saudi Arabia? Places have both human and physical characteristics, as well as images. Physical characteristics include mountains, rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, soil.

9. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Places have human characteristics also. These characteristics are derived from the ideas and actions of people that result in changes to the environment, such as buildings, roads, clothing, and food habits. The image people have of a place is based on their experiences, both intellectual and emotional. People's descriptions of a place reveal their values, attitudes, and perceptions.

10. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Human/Environmental Interaction There are three key concepts to human/environmental interaction: Humans adapt on the environment. Humans modify the environment. Humans depend on the environment. All places on Earth have advantages and disadvantages for human settlement. One person's advantage may be another person's disadvantage.

11. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Some like the excitement of large cities whereas others prefer remoteness. Environment is not just trees, spotted owls, and rain forests. Environment is a feeling. What is the environment of a big city? New York? Los Angeles? Las Vegas? Dallas? Given the choice, where would you live? Why? What is the environment?

12. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Movement The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in shaping our world. People everywhere interact. They travel from place to place and they communicate. We live in a global village and global economy.

13. World Geography TodayChapter 1 People interact with each other through movement. Humans occupy places unevenly on Earth because of the environment but also because we are social beings. We interact with each other through travel, trade, information flows (E-Mail) and political events. Not only do humans move but also ideas move; fashions move; fads move. What is an example of an idea that moves? Fashion? Fad? How do we depend on people in other places?

14. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Formal—Has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas Functional—Different places that are linked together and function as a unit Perceptual—Reflects human feelings and attitudes Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizing the World by Regions

15. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Region A region is the basic unit of study in geography. A region is an area that displays a coherent unity in terms of the government, language, or possibly the landform or situation. Regions are human constructs that can be mapped and analyzed. There are three basic types of regions.

16. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Formal regions are those defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (i. e., United States, Birmingham, Brazil). These regional boundaries are not open to dispute, therefore physical regions fall under this category (i. e., The Rockies, the Great Lakes States).

17. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Functional regions are those defined by a function (i. e., TVA, United Airlines Service area or a newspaper service area). If the function ceases to exists, the region no longer exists. Vernacular regions are those loosely defined by people's perception (i. e., The South, The Middle East).

18. World Geography TodayChapter 1 http://www.popvssoda.com/

19. World Geography TodayChapter 1 By Six Essential Elements The World in Spatial Terms 1.How to use maps and other tools 2.How to use mental maps to organize information 3.How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Places and Regions 4.The physical and human characteristics of places 5.How people create regions to interpret Earth 6.How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and regions Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

20. World Geography TodayChapter 1 By Six Essential Elements Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society 7.The physical processes that shape Earth’s surface 8.The distribution of ecosystems on Earth 9.The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations 10.The complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics 11.The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth 12.The patterns of human settlement Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

21. World Geography TodayChapter 1 By Six Essential Elements Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society 13.The forces of cooperation and conflict 14.How human actions modify the physical environment 15.How physical systems affect human systems 16.The distribution and meaning of resources The Uses of Geography 17.Apply geography to interpret the past 18.Apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

22. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Map Projection Cylindrical Conic Flat-Plane Advantages Used by navigators because it shows true direction and shape Accurate for areas with long east-west dimensions Used by pilots and navigators because it shows true direction and area sizes Disadvantages Exaggerates landmasses at high latitudes Not as accurate for areas that extend mostly north to south Distorts shapes Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools

23. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Climate and Precipitation Maps—Show weather patterns and atmospheric conditions Population and Economic Maps—Show the distribution of people, natural resources, and land usage patterns Elevation Profiles and Topographic Maps— Show physical features of the land Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Special-Purpose Maps

24. World Geography TodayChapter 1 Climate graphs show average temperatures and precipitation in a place. Population pyramids show percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population. They help us understand population trends. Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Important Geographic Characteristics