1. Geography
What impact does geography have on history, culture, people, and places?

2. People adapt and respond to their geography in numerous ways
Main Ideas
People adapt and respond to their geography in numerous ways
The culture (way of life) of a people is influenced by geography
Sometimes people have to migrate due to changes in their environment
Geographers use the elements of geography in order to better understand the interactions between humans and their environment

3. The bridge between the human and the natural sciences.
What is Geography?
The study of people, their environment, and the resources available to them.
The scientific study of Earth and its place in the universe (i.e., the distribution of people, animals, plants, resources, and industry around the world).
The bridge between the human and the natural sciences.

4. Geography is documented on maps and globes.
The various map projections show the earth in various ways.
Special purpose maps show a variety of information, such as climate, borders, population or topography.
Culture has historically influenced how maps are made.

5. Types of Maps: Projection Map
The Winkel Tripel Projection is a modification of the Robinson projection and was developed to minimize distortion relative to shapes, distances and perspective.

6. Types of Maps: Population Map
Population Map: In this map the sizes of countries are proportional not to their actual land mass but instead to the number of people living there; a country with 20 million people, for instance, appears twice as large as a country with 10million.

7. Types of Maps: Topographic Map

8. Culture influences maps!
Apian 1544

9. The Six Elements of Geography
World in Spatial Terms
Places and Regions
Physical Systems
Human Systems
Environment and Society
Uses of Geography

10. World in Spatial Terms (aka Location!)
Tells where on the earth a place is found (the “space” that a place takes up on earth)
Absolute location =latitude and longitude.
relative location =Where a place is in relation to other places.

11. World in Spatial Terms Absolute Location Relative Location
Endicott, New York 42°6’11”N 76°3’17”W
Endicott, New York Endicott is West of Binghamton

12. Places and Regions
refers to the characteristics of any location that gives meaning to the place and distinguishes it from other places.
Its PERSONALITY!
Natural environment (forest, desert, etc.)
Language
Government
Land Marks
Food
Music

13. Places and Regions
The Southern Tier

14. Physical Systems
Physical characteristics include the natural elements of any location (i.e., soil type, animal life, landforms).
Ecosystems and how they work
Earth-Sun Relationships
Consequences of physical processes on the Earth

15. Physical Systems

16. Human Systems Human activities that help to shape Earth’s surface
Language, architecture, communication, transportation
Economic Activities
trade
Conflict
Migration
culture

17. Human Systems

18. Environment and Society
looks at all the effects, positive and negative, that occur when people interact with their surroundings
How do human actions modify the physical environment?
How are human activities influenced by the environment?

19. Environment and Society

20. Uses of Geography
Knowledge of geography enables people to develop an understanding of the relationships between people, places, and environments over time—that is, of Earth as it was, is, and might be.
How to apply Geography to interpret the past and present, as well as plan for the future!

21. Uses of Geography: Regions
an area on the earth’s surface that is defined by certain unifying characteristics.
Used to identify and organize areas of the Earth’s surface for various purposes.
Characteristics may be physical, human or cultural.
Humans create regions

22. Longitude, Latitude, and Hemispheres

23. What impact does geography have on history, culture, people, and places?
The geography of a region can affect the movement of people and goods and a society’s culture.

24. Questions to Study 1. What impact does geography have on history. 2
Questions to Study 1. What impact does geography have on history? 2. How is geography related to migration? 3. Why do people organize the world into regions?

25. Practice! One reason that many historians study geography is to
Help predict changes in government
Show connections between people and places
Tell when events took place
Explore the value systems of early people

26. Practice! Which feature would most likely appear on a physical map?
Population densities
Land usage patterns
Climatic patterns
Mountain ranges

27. Practice!
One way in which South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and India are geographically similar is that each is located on
An island
An archipelago
An isthmus
A peninsula