Connecting The World

The Ming Dynasty

The Mings Come to Power Mongols overthrown by Hongwu – Became the first Ming emperor Hongwu’s burial temple

The Mings Come to Power Political changes --brought back civil service exams

Agricultural Reforms Fish farming

Agricultural Reforms Increased rice production Improved irrigation

Foreign Trade Zheng He --Chinese Muslim admiral who explored Africa, Arabia, India, and S.E. Asia

Foreign Trade Zheng He – Emperor Yonglo wanted to show China’s power and wealth

Foreign Trade Zheng He --Result: European demand for Chinese goods increased

Foreign Trade Created a closed-door policy --foreigners could only trade at 3 cities --limited foreign influence

Impacts Smuggling increased in China – Large irregular Chinese coastline difficult to guard

Impacts European interest in China increased – Increased trade between China, Middle East, and Europe

The Ottoman Empire

Empire controlled land on three continents

Controlled trade between East Asia and Europe – Became extremely wealthy

Economic Prosperity Constantinople = capital city – Conquered by Mehmed II 1453

The Venice-Ottoman Trade Alliance 1.Why was Venice important? 1.What was one of the most valuable goods traded? 1.What region controlled that trade? 1.How did the Ottomans profit from the trade? 1.What goods did Venice produce? 2.What type of government was Venice?

The Venice-Ottoman Trade Alliance 1.Name an Ottoman sultan other than Mehmed II. 1.What are two major achievements of that sultan? 1.Why was he called the “Law Giver”? 1.What was the impact of trade on Venice? 1.What were two other impacts on the world?

Economic Prosperity Constantinople = capital city – Conquered by Mehmed II 1453 – Controlled trade between Mediterranean and Black Seas – Center of world trade

Suleyman the “Law Giver” Ruled with absolute power during the 1500s

Achievements: – Expanded the empire – Modernized the army

--created a new standardized law code including freedom of religion as long as Ottoman law was obeyed

Built mosques, palaces, and spread art and Islam

Economic Prosperity Constantinople = capital city – Conquered by Mehmet II 1453 – Controlled trade between Mediterranean and Black Seas – Center of world trade

Impact of the Crusades Created trade routes between Europe & Middle East

Pax Mongolia Silk Roads were protected from China to Middle East

Zheng He Trade increased in cities like Canton

Portuguese Spice Trade Ottoman Empire controlled trade between Europe and East Asia --high taxes on spices, silks, etc led to high prices --Cairo = center of trade

Italian City-States Access to the Mediterranean increased trade – cities grew: Venice and Florence – Cultural diffusion from East and West – A wealthy merchant class grew

Portuguese Spice Trade Portuguese and Spanish explore new routes to East Asia --Vasco da Gama found routes around Africa to India

North Sea Baltic Sea

Hanseatic League Northern European trading group --Controlled the North and Baltic Seas Used new sailing techniques --Lighthouses --Trained sailors

North Sea Baltic Sea

Impacts on Europe: Commercial Revolution Define the term “revolution” How are the high Middle Ages different from the early Middle Ages? What impact did the economic changes have on society?

Impacts on Europe: Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution: Causes: – Agricultural changes produce surplus of food – Rise in trade with the East – Crusades begins the decline of feudalism and manorialism

Europe: Changes in Commerce Effects – Changes in commerce – Societal changes

The Bubonic Plague (1350) Add the following questions to your homework: 9. What TWO ECONOMIC changes occurred in Europe as a result of the Plague? 10. How did the Plague lead to political change in Europe? 11.Using a dictionary, define secularism. 12. How did the Plague lead to the beginning of secular thinking in Europe?

The Bubonic Plague (1350) Global trade --rats with infected fleas travelled in caravans and ships War --Mongols used diseased corpses against cities Unhealthy cities --no sewage systems & dirty, crowded cities CAUSES

Imagined Causes --Earthquake in India --God was angry --Jews were blamed and massacred CAUSES Anti-semitism: the hatred of Jewish people The Bubonic Plague (1350)

Death within 3-5 days --35 million in China --1/3 the pop. In Europe Social Effects --people stayed indoors --increased secularism EFFECTS The Bubonic Plague (1350)

Economic Effects --trade decreased --death caused labor shortage & lack of farming Political Effects --deaths and isolation led to a lack of authority figures and laws enforced --feudalism began to decline EFFECTS The Bubonic Plague (1350)