2. World Trade Routes Europe Mediterranean Silk Road Red Sea Persian Gulf Indian Ocean I, II, III Trans-Saharan

3. Revitalized Silk Road Expanded military presence to the west Introduction of “Flying Money” (credit), deposit shops (banks), paper money, and guilds Construction of Grand Canal Industrial revolution Paper money – Song China

4. The Silk Road

5. Establishment of Trans-Saharan trade route (gold-salt) Spread of Islam into sub-Saharan Africa Rise of Timbuktu and Jenne as trade cities Use of Niger River Salt slabs to be traded for gold

7. Early medieval period  Most trade local  Lack of coins  Political instability – invasions by Vikings, Muslims, Magyars Market in medieval Paris

8. Middle Ages  Agricultural advances = population growth = rise of towns = rise of trade and merchant / artisan classes  Regional fairs Medieval European Farmers

9.  Development of Guilds  Development of capital and banks  Rise of Flanders European Guilds

10.  Rise of Hanseatic League  Trade union of Northern European city-states (over 100 cities joined)  Fight off pirates, other states, create trade monopoly  Resulted in large middle- class  Set precedent for large trade operations later used by Dutch and English

11. European Trade

12. Hanseatic League

13. Location astride major trade routes State regulated silk trade (silkworms stolen from China) Trade competition with Venice and other Italian city- states Constantinople

14. Aztecs  Long-distance trade under special group  Tribute redistribution inhibited development of true markets Incas  Little to no long-distance trade  Tribute and self-sufficiency inhibited development of markets

15. Included Swahili coast (East Africa), Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and East Asia (China) Dependence on monsoon winds Spice trade Use of “circuits” or “zones” – rules of transport Role of Arabs (Islam) and Portuguese

18. Byzantines – location, location, location Dominance of Italian city-states (Venice and Genoa) Muslims Impact of crusades Black Sea / Russia - Vikings

20. Was there a global trade network? After 1200 the known world was very connected. Europe was trading with the Islamic world and Russia. Islamic world was trading with Africa, India, and China. India was trading with China and East Africa. China was trading with Japan and Southeast Asia. All major civilizations (except the Americas) were linked.

21. Religion during the period Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism all had missionaries traveling along trade routes Buddhism –trade; peace Islam and Christianity –trade, Crusades; war

22. Changes?

23. Continuities?