2. 1. Feudalism 2. Manors 3. Middle Ages 4. Magna Carta/Great Charter 5. King John 6. Renaissance

3. 1. Islam 2. Crusades 3. Silk Road 4. Kublai Khan 5. Zeng He 6. Mansa Musa

4. 1. Johannes Guttenberg 2. Commercial Revolution 3. Bubonic Plague/Black Death 4. Joint Stock Company 5. Prince Henry the Navigator 6. Caravel 7. Bartolomeu Dias 8. Astrolabe 9. Monopoly

5. VIKINGS About 1000, Leif Eriksson was the first European sailor to reach North America As a result of Indian wars, he returned to Scandinavia 400 years go by before Columbus

6. Middle Ages (also known as the Dark Ages) A period of struggle for Europe from 500 A.D. to 1500 Feudalism emerged as the way of life during this time  Feudalism: political system in Middle Ages Europe in which the vassal owed his king protection (an army) and the king paid the vassal land in return for his army A few lords rose to power and during this time vassals worked as soldiers and laborers for the lords to receive land

7. During the Middle Ages money and power were located in the Catholic Church Pope led the Church Most of Europe was Catholic prior to the Protestant Reformation Popes were patrons of the arts- they paid for works of art

8. English nobles rebelled against their King John King John was forced to sign the MAGNA CARTA- a document limiting the king’s power Magna Carter also known as the Great Charter One of first documents to protect rights of people (only nobles)

9. Muhammad was a prophet who began the religion of Islam Islam spread throughout the Middle East Muslim grew wealthy from trade along the Silk Road Trade route across Asia connecting the Middle East to China Moved luxury goods like silk, paper, porcelain, horses and spices across Asia

10. European knights traveled from Italian city states to Jerusalem to fight Islamic Empires Wanted to retake Jerusalem for Christians Results  Europeans brought back products and lost learning  Italian City States became rich from increased trade

11. Renaissance- rebirth of arts and learning of ancient Greece and Rome Began in Italian city states like Florence, Rome & Venice Led to developments in science  Agricultural advancements: crop rotation, use of fertilizers, water mills and windmills  More food meant rise in population

12. While Renaissance was happening a few other things were going on in Europe  Review: Define Renaissance: 1) Black Death (Also known as Bubonic Plague)  was brought by rats on boats from Middle East to Italian city states  Rats carried the plague which killed up to 1/3 of some European cities  Results of plague?  30 Million Europeans dead  Labor shortage

13. 2) Commercial Revolution -Change in the way Europeans did business- trying to make more of a profit-(capital)  Rise of importance of Italian City States & Growth of wealthy class of people  Example: Medici Family in Florence  Created Joint Stock Companies- businesses in which a group of wealthy people get together and pool their money. If the business is a success, they all make money. If it is a failure, they only lose the money invested  Review: It was the Renaissance-what did the wealthy patron families use their money to buy?

14. 3) Printing Press invented by Johannes Guttenberg A. easier and less expensive to print books B. increased literacy across Europe C. spread learning across Europe 4) Protestant Reformation- Martin Luther broke from Catholic Church causing Catholic Church to want people to return to Catholicism

15. 5) Technological Advancements especially in Navigation a) Tools brought from Asia along silk road Astrolabe- allowed sailors to figure out their location by charting position of stars Compass- chart direction they were sailing b)Caravel- small, easily maneuverable ship good for shallow coastal waters c)Navigation Schools- created by Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal Sent out Bartolomeu Dias find a route to India to break the Muslim’s monopoly on trade