The Movement Takes a New Turn Civil Rights 21.5

Malcolm X and Black Nationalism More radical and militant political leaders emerged Malcolm X of Omaha, NE was the most well known of these At age 20 he was arrested for burglary and served seven years in prison

Malcolm X and Black Nationalism While in prison he joined the Nation of Islam, better known as Black Muslims Viewed white society as oppressive preached black separation and self-help

Black Nationalism Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam taught the enemy of the black people was white society Members did not seek change through political means but waited for Allah to create the Black Nation

Black Nationalism Malcolm X spent 12 years as a Minster for the Nation of Islam, spreading the ideas of black nationalism, a belief in the separate identify and racial unity of the AA community His fiery speeches won him many followers

Opposition to Integration Malcolm X disagreed with both the tactics and the goals of the early civil rights movement He made a pilgrimage to Mecca He was profoundly affected and changed his views about separatism and hatred of white people When he returned he was ready to work with civil rights leaders Malcolm X was shot at a rally Three members of the Nation of Islam were charged

The Black Power Movement SNCC As young more radicals gain power the group changed Workers were to carry guns for self defense Wanted to make the group only black

Black Power Movement - Stokely Carmichael (SNCC chairman 1966) His idea of black power was a call “to unite, to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community…to begin to define their own goals, to lead their own organizations and support those organizations.”

The Black Power Movement The Black Panthers 1966 a new militant political party, the Black Panthers, was formed by activists Wanted AA to lead their own communities Demanded the federal government rebuild the ghettos Wanted to combat police brutality

The Black Power Movement Gave rise to the slogan “Black is beautiful” which gave people racial pride More radical groups were moving away from the NAACP’s nonviolent techniques

Riots in the Streets Early civil rights movement focused on battling de jure segregation Racial separation created by law However new laws didn’t change de facto segregation The separation caused by social conditions, such as poverty Discrimination continued in education, housing, and employment

Riots in the Streets - Watts, CA Residents of the ghetto neighborhoods, viewed police officers as dangerous oppressors Riots broke out in several cities One of the most violent was in Watts a neighborhood in LA, police officer hit a suspect with a riot baton and a crowd of AA started six days of rioting When the national guard and local police gained control 34 people were dead and a thousand were injured

Tragedy Strikes in 1968 A series of tragic events in 1968, many felt the nation was coming apart Dr. MLK Jr. Assassinated Robert Kennedy Assassinated

Tragedy Strikes in MLK Jr. is Assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. is Assassinated Convinced that poverty bred violence, he broadened his approach to attack economic injustice During a stop on a speech tour he was shot by a high- powered rifle on a hotel balcony AA rioted in more than 120 cites and 50 people were left dead

Robert F. Kennedy Is Assassinated Since the assassination of President John F. Kennedy his brother Robert had come to support the civil rights movement In 1968, entered the race for President June 4 th, he won a key victory in California’s primary Just after giving his victory speech he was shot by an assassin

1968 in Pictures

Legacy of the Movement Thousands of AA could now vote Number of AA elected officials rose by 88 percent between 1970 to 1975 Many black mayors were elected Many other accomplishments have had a lasting effect