1. Chapter 22.3 Challenges for the Civil Rights Movement
As the Civil Rights movement dragged on, some African Americans questioned the effectiveness of nonviolent protests.

2. New Groups Form Black Muslims Aka Nation of Islam
Started in 1930 by Wallace D. Fard
Based on Islamic religion
Emphasized black supremacy over all other nations

3. Rules for Black Muslims
Very strict
Were not permitted from taking aid from “White America”
Could not join the military
Must depend on themselves in order to survive!
By 1960’s
Over 100,000 members in society.

4. Black Muslims Need a Leader
Malcolm Little
Young African American was spending 10 years in jail for burglary
Studied the Nation of Islam and their beliefs
Embraced the teachings of Muhammad
Released from jail in 1952
Changes name to
Malcolm X

5. Malcolm X’s Belief in Black Power
Malcolm X believed African Americans needed to fight for their freedom
“If something is yours by right, then fight for it or shut up!”
Was against nonviolent protests
“Any Negro who teaches other Negroes to turn the other cheek is disarming that Negro of his right to defend himself”

6. Malcolm X takes trip to the Holy Land
Mecca,
Malcolm X travels to Islamic world capital.
Changes his views on life.
He leaves the Black Muslims
Wants to have races work together.
No longer hates whites or any other races.
“We will work with anyone, as long as they are genuinely interested in taking the type of steps necessary to bring an end to the injustices that black people in this country are afflicted by.”

7. February 1965
Malcolm X is assassinated by 3 Black Muslim assassins during a speech.
Black Muslims continued to preach Black Power!
Called for African Americans to start own nation in USA
Based on
Racial pride
Interests in African culture and heritage

8. Symbol of Black Power Black Panther Party
Based on ideas of self protection
Had own military
Mostly young men from the streets
Wanted to protect their neighborhoods from white cops
What could go wrong?

9. California Riots

10. St. Louis Riots

11. Chicago Riots

12. Riots in 100 cities in USA from 1965- 1968

13. Meanwhile, Martin Luther King Jr. tries to keep the peace
Gives speeches all across US asking for riots to stop
Demands all Americans to respect each other and move forward!

14. Tragedy strikes in Memphis, Tennessee
Martin Luther King, Jr. was in town to give a speech to workers on strike
April 4, 1968
MLK Jr was gunned down outside his hotel room by James Earl Ray
Riots would last a week!
3,200 people injured
Dozens killed

15. Funeral For MLK Jr. had over 30,000 people attend

16. Martin Luther King Memorial Washington, D.C.