Chapter 14: To Punish or Forgive

Section 1: “ With Malice Towards None”

Punish or Forgive “War Between the States” “War of Rebellion” Southerners Rebels Traitors Brothers Americans

Debt Paid Southern Casualties - 250,000 Economy Ruined - land, agriculture Society Destroyed - planter aristocracy

Revenge Northern Casualties - about 300,000 Economy Depressed Brother vs. Brother

Lincoln vs. Radicals Lincoln’s Feelings - illegal secession - Union Radicals - mostly Republicans - want to punish South - revert to territory status

Radical Leaders - Thaddeus Stevens (R-PA) - Charles Sumner (R-MA) Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Forgiveness vs. Punishment 10% Plan - loyalty oath - adopt amendments

Wade-Davis Bill Revenge Registration - ALL white males Majority oath (“ironclad oath”) - loyalty and innocence New state constitution Generations Congress (July 2, 1864) Lincoln

Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, Our American Cousin Ford’s Theater, Washington, DC John Wilkes Booth Kidnap and ransom Southern Surrender “Decapitate” the Government Assassination Man hunt

Section 2: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals

Andrew Johnson Democratic Southerner “rags to riches” Union supporter Personality “Democratic” President Congress vs. Johnson

Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Southern Conventions Repudiate war debts Nullify Secession Adopt 13 th Amendment Southern Defiance (?)

Black Codes “Govern” newly freed blacks Requirements - work (agric or domestic) - vagrancy laws “slavery in all but name”

Confederates in Congress Congressional Elections Presidential pardons “Confederate” Congressmen - Vice-president; 6 Cabinet members; 58 Confederate Congressmen Congressional Representation - South increased - loss of Republican control

Committee of Reconstruction - Thaddeus Stevens (R-PA) - Joint Committee of 15 - shut out Southern congressmen - develop Congressional Plan for Reconstruction

Freedman’s Bureau Refugees - help recover farms Freed Blacks - feed, clothe, educate, medicate Johnson’s Veto - against civil rights enforcement Congressional Revenge - ban on Southern congressmen

Civil Rights Bill Goal= protection Federal supremacy - can interfere in state affairs Johnson veto Congressional Override

14 th Amendment US citizenship State depriving rights Enforce 13 th Amendment - reduce reps State war debt Confederate veterans banned - 2/3 vote pardons Tennessee

Section 3: “Black Reconstruction”

Military Reconstruction 5 Districts Northern General Punish or Forgive Johnson veto (override) State constitutional conventions - “open” voting

Impeachment of Johnson Radicals vs. AJ - Command of Army Act Tenure of Office Act - Sec of War Stanton (enemy) - constitutional ???

Removal clause (Art. II sec. 4) - impeachment - Senate trial (2/3) May 16, 1868: vote - 35 “guilty”, 19 “not guilty” (2/3?)

Election of 1868 Ulysses Grant (R-ILL) Horatio Seymour (D-NY) War hero

Section 4: The North Withdraws

Section 5: The Divided South