ORGANIC MOLECULES

What nutrients do you need?

What does organic mean at the grocery store?

Organic and Science? Contain carbon atoms and are found in living things. Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon atoms.

INORGANIC MOLECULES Water Salt Minerals Carbon Dioxide

Chapter 3 ORGANIC: Carbon Bonding

4 GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 4 Groups Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Polymer (many) Monomer (single)

CARBOHYDRATES USES: Main energy source Structure in plants and animals Storage ALL CARBO CLUES: Ends in –ose 2H:1O Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6

Monosaccharides (monomer) ex. Glucose, Fructose

Disaccharides (complex sugars) ex. Maltose, sucrose

How are sugars made in an ecosystem? What happens to the glucose after it is created?

Polysaccharides (polymer) ex. Starch, glycogen

USES: Decreases cholesterol Cleans out digestive system.

LIPIDS (FATS) USES: 2 ndary energy source (after carbs.) stored for long period of time protect vital organs keep skin moist Insulation Cell Membrane LIPID CLUES: 2H>1O Fats, waxes, oils

Glycerol (monomer)

Fatty Acids (monomer)

Saturated: no double bonds between C. Unsaturated: at least 1 double bonds between C.

NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA & RNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Control heredity Assist in making proteins

Monomer: Nucleotides Phosphate Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose) Nitrogen Base

Polymer: DNA & RNA POLYMER

PROTEINS Growth and repair of cells Enzymes (cause chemical reactions) Hormones Hemoglobin

20 Different types Monomers:

20 Different types of Amino Acids Proteins are made of amino acids

Alanine Tryptophan Phenylalanine

2 amino acids = Dipeptide

Polypeptide (many amino acids together)

Polymer: Polypeptides (proteins) Description: These dipeptides are found in protein rich foods such as chicken, beef, pork and fish. It is predominantly through ingesting the dipeptide carnosine that we ingest most of our beta-alanine, as the two other dipeptides are not found nearly as plentiful in our typical coniferous diet.

ENZYMES

Proteins, made of amino acids Organic Catalyst Always end in –ase Breaks or makes molecules

Energy Required

Enzymes decrease the amount of energy needed for a reaction.

Enzymes speed up reactions.

LOCK & KEY MODEL Enzymes are specific Active Site player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E9390E DD-9ADA-4DE9DDD53FE3&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

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SUBSTRATE Maltose Lactose Lipid Protein Maltase Lactase Lipase Protease ENZYME

What happens when you have a fever? Effects on Enzymes

What happens when you drink too much orange juice?