English Colonization Attempts in North Carolina

Sir Humphrey Gilbert 1583- Sir Humphrey Gilbert was granted a charter to colonize the New World by Queen Elizabeth I. On his first voyage to the New World, Gilbert died in a shipwreck.

Sir Walter Raleigh 1584- After Gilbert died, Sir Walter Raleigh, his half brother, inherited his charter to colonize the New World.

Amadas and Barlowe In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh sent Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the New World. The expedition landed near the Oregon Inlet on N.C.’s outer banks. Oregon Inlet

Amadas and Barlowe (continued) 3 days after landing they were visited by Roanoke Indians Indians took the English to Roanoke Island, the land was fertile with food such as grapes and abundant with game and fish Drawing by John White, member of the expedition

Amadas and Barlowe (continued) The English met various Native Americans, including the Roanoke and Croatoan tribes. Drawings by John White, member of the expedition.

Amadas and Barlowe (continued) John White, an artist, recorded maps and painted pictures of the land, plants and animals Amadas and Barlowe returned to England after 6 weeks with 2 Native Americans named Wanchese, a Roanoke, and Manteo, a Croatoan, and to report their findings. Drawing by John White, member of the expedition

The Lane Colony In 1585, the first English colony attempt in North America was began at Roanoke Island, led by Ralph Lane and Sea Captain, Sir Richard Grenville. Wanchese and Manteo returned home (to America) with Lane The colony was made up of 107 men

The Lane Colony the Tiger, one of Grenville’s ships, was wrecked on a sandbar entering the Oregon Inlet, and much of the colonies supplies were ruined on the journey to Roanoke Island. North Carolina, the Graveyard of the Atlantic

The Lane Colony (continued) In July, Fort Raleigh (an earthen and wood pike fort) was built at the northeast end of Roanoke Island. Blueprint for the fort that was built at Roanoke Island

The Lane Colony (continued) shortly after arriving at Roanoke Island a silver cup disappeared, Grenville blamed a group of local Indians and demanded they return the cup, when no cup was produced, Grenville had the village burned.

The Lane Colony (continued) Once Grenville left with the ships, Lane took command of the colony and split them into 3 groups. - 1 group to explore Chesapeake Bay Roanoke Island and the outer banks Albemarle Sound area

The Lane Colony (continued) The relationship between the English and the Indians got worse, Indians refused to aid the colonists with food. Lane believed that Wingina was planning to attack the colonists so Lane attacked the Indians, among those killed was the chief, Wingina. Drawing by John White, member of the expedition

The Lane Colony (continued) Sir Frances Drake, an English Privateer who had been attacking Spanish galleons, arrived just after Wingina was killed. Lane and his colony, fearing Indian retaliation, left on board Drake’s ships for England the next day abandoning the colony. Sir Francis Drake

The Lane Colony (continued) In Lane’s rush to leave, he left 3 of his men behind, they were never found.  Grenville, who had promised to return in early 1586, finally returned a few weeks later. When he saw the colony abandoned, he left 15 men on the island to guard the fort.

The White Colony In 1587 the White Colony arrived at Roanoke Island on July 22, led by John White who had been on all 3 trips to Roanoke Island. White found that none of the men left behind by Grenville in 1586 were still there.

The White Colony (continued) The colony was made up of 117 men, women and children. 17 were women and 9 were boys.

The White Colony (continued) The colony was supposed to be located on Chesapeake Bay to give the colony a deep water port but settled for Roanoke Island again when Captain Simon Fernandez wouldn’t take the colonists farther north than Roanoke Island.

The White Colony (continued) On July 28, George Howe was killed by while fishing about 2 miles from the fort. White sent a group to Manteo’s tribe to make peace after the attack on George Howe. Manteo was baptized a protestant Christian on August 13, 1587.

The White Colony (continued) Virginia Dare was the 1st English born baby in America, born on August 18, 1587.

The White Colony (continued) One week later, the colony sent John White back to England on August 27 to get needed supplies The attack of the Spanish Armada in 1588 prevented John White from returning until 1590.

The White Colony (continued) On August 18, 1590, White returned to Roanoke Island and the colony was gone.

Pictures from Manteo

John White sketch of Fort - http://www.lost-colony.com/fort3sided.jpg credits Gilbert Picture - http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/images/sir-humphrey-gilbert.jpg Raleigh’s Picture - http://cache.idolator.com/assets/resources/2008/05/raleigh.jpg Picture of Ship in haze - http://inlinethumb35.webshots.com/2594/1180908914039762025S425x425Q85.jpg John White picture of fishermen - http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry/white_42_comp.GIF John White picture of Wingina - http://www.gmu.edu/library/specialcollections/bodypaintl.jpg John White map of Roanoke Island - http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/16/images/hh16d4.jpg John White drawing of Roanoke Indians - http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2007/08/roanoke_lord.jpg John White sketch of Fort - http://www.lost-colony.com/fort3sided.jpg John White drawing of Indian village - http://www.lost-colony.com/village.jpg Map of Chesapeake Bay - http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs102-98/fig1.gif