OTTOMAN EMPIRE Imperialism in the Muslim World

Imperialism Empires in Decline  Ottomans=Middle East, Mughals=India, and Safavids=Iran  All in decline  Governments lost control  Corruption  European Imperialism  Won treaties through military threats and diplomacy Favorable trading terms for the Western nations

Imperialism Ottoman Empire  At its height it extended from Africa to SE Europe and into the Middle East  Nationalist Revolts  Weakened Ottoman Empire  Suppressed revolts  Lost Egypt  European Pressure  Russia, France, Great Britain, and Germany all slowly took apart the Ottoman Empire, piece by piece

Imperialism Efforts to Westernize  Ottomans industrialized  Created tension due to competition for land and the changing of long lasting ideas of government autocracy Young Turks  Overthrew the sultan of the Ottoman Empire  Before the Turks could capitalize on their achievement, WWI began Armenian Massacre  Genocide of the Christian groups living in the mountains of the Ottoman empire  Millions murdered over 25 years

Imperialism Egypt Modernizes  Muhammad Ali-governor of Egypt in 1805  “Father of Modern Egypt”  Improved tax collection, landholding systems, irrigation, extended cotton production, local industry, world trade  Western military experts sent to Egypt to train in new ways of fighting  Conquered Arabia, Syria, and Sudan  On its way to be a major Middle Eastern power

Imperialism Suez Canal  Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French entrepreneur, starts the company that builds the Suez Canal  100 mile waterway that links the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea  Opened in 1869  Britain acquires large number of shares which control the canal British Protectorate  Britain gains control of Egypt due to internal nationalist revolts

Imperialism Iran and the European Powers  The Qajar shahs took steps to introduce reforms  Improved finances, telegraph installation, railroads  Both Russia and Great Britain competed for influence in Iran  Russia- protection and expansion into Central Asia  Operates in the North  Britain- protect interests in India  Operates in the South  Oil fields only sweetened the deal  Iranian government granted concessions to Russia and Great Britain  Iranian nationalists are MAD!!