1.  Nationalism & Imperialism in the Middle East World War 1 As the Ottoman Empire is weakening, Nationalism movements rise in the Middle East. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire during WWI & the establishment of European Mandate System in the Middle East

2. Ottoman Empire at height! Ottoman Turks had ruled over the Middle East for over 500 years! Arab Nationalist groups begin to call for an end of Ottoman Control.

3. Nationalist movements and WWI will bring an end to the Ottoman Empire! Foreign enemies picked apart the Ottoman- Finally alliances in WWI will bring an end to the Ottoman Empire.

4.  Arab Nationalism! Arab Nationalist Leaders  Hussein ibn Ali- Arabia  With British backing, Hussein launched the Arab Revolt against Ottoman forces in Arabia on 5 June 1916.  British promise to Arabs independence …. Hussein Ibn Ali

5.  End of WWI- British & Allies Win!

6. British had promised the Arabs, if the Ottoman Empire was defeated in WWI, Arabs would become independent and rule themselves based on Arab cultures and beliefs.

7.  Europeans do not grant Arabs independence!  Once Ottoman lose the war, their provinces…. Arab lands were taken over by the Europeans…  Turks retained Asia Minor, modern day Turkey, as their state.  European Mandate System is Established.

8. Resources, oil, Suez Canal, Naval Security… Many Reasons.. Russia wanted access to Black Sea & Mediterranean Sea, Brit’s wanted the Suez Canal. Both Russia and Britain gained economic control in Iran.. Access to oil!

9.  Suez Canal Symbol of European Imperialism.

11. Arabia began its transformation into a country ruled by the al-Saud family, Also, several smaller nations were born out of the dead body of the Ottoman lands in the Middle East, including the states of Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and yet-to-be-born state of Palestine.

12. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk New leader of Turkey Modernized & Westernized the Country of Turkey Discuss in detail information from home work about Ataturk’s reforms!!