1. Imperialism in North Africa

2. The French
Wanted to expand the influence of French culture throughout the world
French looked to gain control of the Barbary Coast-North Africa

3. Algiers 1830-France sends force to occupy Algiers
Muslim state of the Ottoman Empire
Algerians resisted French rule-rebellions for 40 years, but it became the capital of French Algeria
Many French and other Europeans moved to Algiers, eventually becoming the majority population
France held Algiers until independence rebellions in 1962

4. Tunis 1881 France invades Tunis
Leaves ruler in place, forms a protectorate colony
Many French migrate to Tunis
Population eventually a majority European
France held Tunis it granted independence in 1956

5. Morocco
Geographically important-located at the Strait of Gibraltar-controls traffic between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
France showed interest as early 1830 as a protective area around Algiers
1904 Spain and France carve out spheres of influence in Morocco
1911 Moroccan Sultan asks France to help put down a rebellion

6. Morocco
1912 The Treaty of Fez is signed making Morocco a French protectorate colony
France ruled with a joint administration
Many French migrated to Morocco
Moroccans fought in the French army in WWI and WWII
Morocco gained independence in 1956
French is still a major language in Morocco

7. Suez Canal
Strategically important-connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea
Provides Europe with a short trade route to the Middle East and Asia
Built by a French company-received permission from the Ottoman rulers in Egypt
Began April 1859-completed November 1869
101 miles long, 25’ deep, ’ wide at completion

8. Egypt Under control of the Ottomans for centuries
Ottomans weaken, Egypt nearly independent
Canal was very costly for the Egyptians, Egypt decided to sell its stock in the canal
Great Britain buys the stock, now controls the canal 1857
1882 rebellion begins, Britain sends in troops
Britain controls Egypt, officially a protectorate in 1914 until 1954

9. Sudan Strategically important due to the Nile River
French and English both desire region- it was an Egyptian colony
1898 Britain invades Sudan to put down rebellion by the Mahdi against Egypt
Fashoda Crisis-English and French troops meet at Fashoda, prepare for war, France retreats