1. 27.3-Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
Student Objectives
Summarize the decline of the Ottoman Empire
Describe the Crimean War
Analyze Egypt’s reforms
Evaluate Persia’s response to foreign pressure

2. Looking to the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire-Muslim Empire stretched three continents
Africa, Asia, and Europe
Decline in 1700s
Government broke up into quarrelling and corrupt factions
Corruption & theft=financial losses
Inflation
Greece & Serbia both gained independence from Ottomans
Europeans saw weakness-looked to take land from the Ottomans
What were some of the many issues facing the Ottoman Empire? Remind yourself of what happens when a country experiences inflation?
Look at the map of the Ottoman Empire. What do you notice about its growth? What may have been some reasons why Europeans would be interested in taking over this land?

3. Acquiring Territory
Geopolitics-interest in taking land for strategic location or products
Access to Mediterranean and Atlantic sea trade
Russia-wanted passage for grain markets
Waged war on Ottomans to gain access to Black Sea
Crimean War (1853)-Russia v. Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France
New war
Ottoman Empire won-still very weak
Continued to lose land
What would be some of the reasons why Britain and France would fight with the Ottoman Empire against Russia?
What are the two major things that happened in the Crimean War that made it a “new war?”
What do you notice about the map of the Ottoman Empire in comparison to the one from the previous slide?

4. Egypt’s Reforms
Egypt realized needed to reform or else be taken over by Europe
Muhammad Ali-major leader
Gained control of Syria and Arabia
Started using cotton as cash crop
Brought Egypt into world economy
Peasants lost their land
Continued by grandson Ismai’il
Built Suez Canal-connected Red Sea to Mediterranean
Other projects built up too much debt
British came in to oversee project and took control of Egypt
Why were peasants negatively affected by the move of Muhammad Ali to move to cotton?
Overall, were the attempts of Egypt to modernize successful? What ended up happening?

5. Persia Pressured to Change
Persia under pressure
Forced to give up land to Russia
Had to give up all claims to Afghanistan
Lots of oil discovered in Persia
Unable to develop own resources
Allowed Western businesses to operate in an area or develop product
Issues and divisions with this setup
Taken over by Russia and Britain
Exercised full economic control over Persia
1. How did the imperialism in Muslim lands (Persia and other parts of the Ottoman Empire) compare to the imperialism of Africa? What are things that are similar? What are major differences?