1. Europe Claims Muslims Lands Ch. 11.3

2. Death of Suleyman I 1) A succession of Weak Rulers 2) Division into Factions, Corruption, Economic and Technological decline

3. Rise of Nationalism Inspired Greeks, Serbs and other groups in Ottoman Empire to fight for self-rule

4. Geopolitics-taking land for its strategic location or products Access to sea trade routes focuses attention on Ottoman lands 1) World powers forced alliances or waged war to gain control of the Ottoman Empire because of its strategic geographic location.

5. Crimean War To gain land on the Black Sea, Russia fought and lost a war against the Ottomans and their allies the British and the French The war highlighted the military weakness of the Ottoman Empire and ultimately the Ottomans lost most of their land.

6. Construction of the Suez Canal When Egypt ran into problems paying for the construction, Britain insisted on overseeing financial control of the canal and, in 1882 occupied the country.

7. Discovery of Oil in Persia (Iran) Lacking capital to develop its resources, Persia granted concession to European businesses Rebellion followed and eventually Britain and Russia divided Persia into a sphere of influence

8. The policies European nations used to gain control of Muslim Lands Created sphere of influence Practiced economic imperialism