A History of Psychology

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What is Psychology?.

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Presentation transcript:

A History of Psychology

Interest in human behavior is as old as human history. Since when… Interest in human behavior is as old as human history.

Roots from Ancient Greece Socrates motto “know thyself” raises questions about psychological study thus suggesting the concept of: Introspection “looking within” by examining ones own thoughts and feeling

Roots from Ancient Greece Aristotle outlines laws of: Associationism A learned connection between two ideas or events Concept still a major part of today's psychology

Example of Associationism Experiences often remind us of similar experiences in the past

Aristotle's Universal Law People are motivated to seek pleasure & avoid pain

Other Greek Theories Confusion and bizarre behavior (psychological problems) were a result of punishment from ancient gods Hippocrates however suggests the abnormalities were results of brain malfunctions

Roots From the Middle Ages Possession is seen as punishment for sins or deals made with the devil Implementation of “tests”

Roots From the Middle Ages Water-Float Test Suspected “Possessed” individual was thrown into deep water kept afloat =impure and executed for associating with the devil Those who sank =pure

Roots From the Modern Ages Modern Science is born and a scientific approach to psychology is taken by the 1800s: Wilhelm Wundt develops first modern laboratory in Germany

Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism A field of psychology concerned with the elements of consciousness 2 categories of consciousness: Subjective Feelings Objective Sensations

What’s the diff? Objective Sensations Sight Subjective Feelings Touch Taste Smell Sound Reflections of outside world Subjective Feelings Emotions Feelings Mental Images I remember how good it tastes to eat a juicy steak. MMMmmm…give me meat!

Don’t Get it? Ignore what this is Describe your conscious experience Redness Brightness Roundness How intense and clear the sensations are. If you did this- you would be a great candidate in a structural lab

William James No No No Wundt! Consciousness cannot be broken down into categories rather: Experience is a “stream of consciousness”

William James Functionalism The school of psychology concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment. How differences in learning and memory affect intelligence

What’s the diff? Functionalism Reliance on introspection & behavioral observation in the laboratory What are the purposes (functions) of behavioral & mental process? Structuralism Reliance on introspection What are the elements (structures) of psychological process?

John B. Watson Behaviorism School of psychology focused on the scientific study of observable behavior. Watson thought it unscientific to study consciousness rather studying observable behavior is scientific.

B.F. Skinner A behaviorist contributor Coins the concept of reinforcement

Gestalt Psychology Psychologies purpose is to organize things into meaningful wholes.

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis Emphasizes the unconscious, its motives, conflicting impulses, urges, wishes, desires, irrational thoughts.