Internal conflict Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs.

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Presentation transcript:

Internal conflict Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs

Capital moved from Mecca to Damascus Capital moved from Mecca to Damascus More glamorous (worldly) lifestyle More glamorous (worldly) lifestyle

Splitsville Sunn’i-remained loyal Sunn’i-remained loyal

Shi’ites-Caliph should be descended from Ali (Muhammad’s son in law) Shi’ites-Caliph should be descended from Ali (Muhammad’s son in law) More conservative More conservative

The Abbasids Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Ruled until 1258 Ruled until 1258

The Fatimids Province of Egypt broke away Province of Egypt broke away Fatimid dynasty established Fatimid dynasty established Capital at Cairo Capital at Cairo

The Seljuk Turks Nomads from Central Asia Nomads from Central Asia 970 migrated into Abbasid Empire, converted to Islam 970 migrated into Abbasid Empire, converted to Islam

1055 conquered Persia, adopted Persian culture 1055 conquered Persia, adopted Persian culture

Seljuks crushed Byzantine Army, took most of Anatolia (Turkey) Seljuks crushed Byzantine Army, took most of Anatolia (Turkey) 1071 Battle of Manzikert

Manzikert Seljuk Empire

Growth of Seljuk Empire

Seljuks meet the Crusaders and Mongols

Crusaders embark for the Holy Land 10 Crusaders

1st Crusade captured Jerusalem in st Crusade captured Jerusalem in 1099 Saladin retook Jerusalem in 1187 Saladin retook Jerusalem in 1187

Mongols Grandson of Genghis, Hulagu burned Baghdad in 1258 Grandson of Genghis, Hulagu burned Baghdad in 1258

Took most of the Seljuk Empire Took most of the Seljuk Empire Cairo became the new center of Islam Cairo became the new center of Islam

Section 3. Islamic Civilization

Major urban centers Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad and Cordoba

Baghdad

Social Classes Muslim Arabs Muslim Arabs Converted Muslims Converted Muslims Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians Slaves (non-Muslims) Slaves (non-Muslims)

Women Spiritual and social equality under the Quran Spiritual and social equality under the Quran

Veil required by tradition Veil required by tradition Women had guardians Women had guardians Could marry freely and get divorces Could marry freely and get divorces

Section 4. The Culture of Islam

Scholarship

House of Wisdom in Baghdad translated and preserved European learning House of Wisdom in Baghdad translated and preserved European learning

Science Advanced medicine Advanced medicine Math Math Arabic numeralsArabic numerals algebraalgebra opticsoptics

Arab Medical Book

Astrolabe

Advanced Chemistry Advanced Chemistry

Philosophy combined Greek philosophy and Muslim beliefs

Art and Architecture Literature Literature One Thousand and One NightsOne Thousand and One Nights The Rubaiyat of Omar KhayyamThe Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

Arab cali- graphy used as art Geometric decoration

Cali- graphic Art

Mosque at Cordoba, Spain

Great Mosques

The BlueMosque in Istanbul

Iran

Cordoba, Spain

Preserved the Knowledge needed for the Renaissance