1. WHI: SOL 8c Turning Points in Islamic Civilization

2. Historical turning points Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division Split into two branches if Islam based on who should be caliph

3. Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus Conquered by the Umayyad dynasty Treated “people of the book” Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians to practice their own faith and follow their own laws Damascus was set-up as the capital of the Umayyad dynasty

4. Islamic capital moved to Baghdad Abbasid empire overthrew the Umayyad empire Moved the capital to Baghdad Baghdad established, grew to be more powerful and wealthy than Constantinople

5. Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours 711 a.d. Muslims conquered Spain 731 a.d. Muslims moved north into France to settle new areas Frankish forces defeated the Muslim military, Islam spread no further into Europe

6. Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols 1216 a.d. Genghis Khan and Golden Horde swept across central Asia 1258 a.d. Hulagu the grandson of Genghis Khan burned and looted Baghdad, killing the Abbasid caliph