Lesson 2: Everyday Energy

Definition of Energy The capacity to do work or create change.

Industrial Manufacturers –Energy needed to make: Metals Plastic Fabrics Computers

Transportation Personal use of cars, buses, trains or planes related to commerce and industry.

Residential Use Energy used in our homes Electricity for lights and all appliances Gas furnace, stove, or water heater

Commercial Use Businesses and Trade Restaurants Stores

Transportation: 27% Residential: 22% Commercial 18% Industrial 33% Transportation 27% includes personal use of cars, busses, trains, or planes, as well as transportation related to commerce and industry. Industrial 33% includes industry and manufacturing, such as the energy needed to make metals from raw ore, or plastic from oil, denim fabric from cotton, as well as making cars, computers, or blue jeans with processed materials. Residential 22% includes energy used in our homes – electricity for lights & electric appliances; natural gas for a furnace, stove, or hot water. Commercial 18% includes commerce or business and trade such as stores or restaurants where we make purchases.

Petroleum 39% Nuclear 8% Hydropower 3% Bioenergy 3% Other renewables 1% Natural Gas 23% Coal 23%

Energy A - Z Energy in science is defined as the capacity to do work or create change. We will NOT be focusing on energy outside of our bodies. (No running, lifting, etc..) We WILL be focusing on how energy is used from the four main catagories: residential, commercial, transportation and industrial.

Summary We use energy in many ways! In addition to energy we use directly, energy is being used on our behalf by business, industry, and transportation systems around the world. Because energy is important in our lives and because energy accounts for a major portion of our impacts on the environment, we need to understand and think about our energy use. Conserving energy and relying more on renewable energy sources will lessen our impact on the environment.

Lesson 3: Energy Transformations

Motion Energy The energy of an object or substance in movement; sometimes just called kinetic energy Person dancing, car in motion, a thrown ball, flowing water.

Gravitational Energy Energy an object has due to place or position, such as its height above the Earth; a form of potential energy Rock on the edge of a cliff, water behind a dam.

Electric Energy The energy of electrons moving or flowing within a substance Power lines or home wiring, electricity from a battery

Light Energy Electromagnetic energy that travels in waves; also called radiant energy Sunlight, the light of a lamp or of a TV, or computer monitor

Heat Energy The internal energy of a substance due to random vibration and movement of its atoms and molecules; also called thermal energy. Heat from the burner of a stove, charcoal grill, forest fire.

Sound Energy Energy that moves through substances by compression waves; sound Any kind of sound from humans, machines, animals, Ipods

Chemical Energy Energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms and molecules Energy plants store by photosynthesis, any food we eat, coal, oil

Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom; the energy that holds an atom together; sometimes called atomic energy Uranium in a nuclear power plant and plutonium in a bomb

Law of conservation of energy: First Law of Thermodynamics The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Unit 1 lesson 6: Arizona Electricity Sources

Producing Electricity from Fossil Fuels and Renewable Sources

Generating Electricity For many years, we have generated electricity in much the same way: We can also use the heat from NUCLEAR REACTIONS to make the steam.

Nuclear fuels become hot without burning but the most commonly used fuels are burned to make heat. These are: COAL,OIL andNATURAL GAS (Methane)

These fuels were dug out of the ground. They had taken millions of years to make and so are called FOSSIL FUELS and are NON- RENEWABLE. COAL Made from the remains of plants which died millions of years ago

OIL and NATURAL GAS (Methane) Even though it was not made from dead plants or animals, nuclear fuel is considered to be a fossil fuel because it comes from the ground and is running out. Made from the decayed remains of sea creatures which died millions of years ago

All these fossil fuels are running out and burning them increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which increases the GREENHOUSE EFFECT, causing GLOBAL WARMING. Some fossil fuels contain SULPHUR and when they burn this becomes SULPHUR DIOXIDE, a poisonous gas which reacts with water in the atmosphere to form SULPHURIC ACID or ACID RAIN.

To solve the problems of fossil fuels, we need to develop: RENEWABLE FUELS such as BIOMASS (Wood etc). RENEWABLE forms of energy such as: Wind Quick-growing plants can be burnt in power stations instead of fossil fuels but plants can also be grown to produce oils or sugars to make alcohol which can be used as a fuel like petrol.

Hydroelectric schemes These use the GPE of water on hills to generate electricity as it flows downhill.

Tidal Power.

Wave Power 1.

Solar

Solar 2

Solar 3

Geothermal In certain parts of the world, heat from the Earth can be used to produce steam to power turbines and heat homes.

Name that energy?

Non-Renewable: Nuclear

Hydroelectric:Renewable/limited

Electric

Solar: Renewable/Unlimited

Wind: Renewable/Unlimited

Non-Renewable: Oil

Geothermal: Non-renewable

Brain Power: Limited or Unlimited?

STOP!