1. Science of Energy

2. Objectives in Ch 4 Lesson 1
Explain what energy enables us to do.
Differentiate between forms and sources of energy.
Demonstrate how energy is stored in major energy sources.
Describe the main forms of energy and give examples.
Explain energy transformations.

3. WHAT IS ENERGY? Energy is not matter, but matter can contain it.
Energy is something that has the ability to cause change.
It can also be defined as ‘the ability to do work.”
Work means to make something move.

4. Forms of Energy POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY
Is the energy in motion – of waves
Found in electrons, atoms, molecules & substances.
Is stored energy and
Energy of position due to gravity.
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5. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
Gravitational Energy
What an object or substance has because of its position; anything “up high.”
Ie: water behind a dam or objects capable of falling.

6. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
Stored Mechanical Energy
Energy stored in an object by the application of force (also called elastic potential energy).
Must push or pull on an object.
Ie: compressed springs and stretched rubber bands.

7. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
Nuclear Energy
Energy stored in the atomic nuclei.
Holds the nucleus together.
Ie: within uranium or plutonium atoms.

8. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in bonds between atoms.
Holds molecules & substances together.
Examples include: petroleum, natural gas, propane, coal, and biomass.

9. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
Radiant Energy Electromagnetic energy that travels in waves.
Includes: sunlight (visible), x rays, gamma rays, microwaves, infrared (heat) & radio waves.

10. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
RADIANT Energy is from the…..
Electromagnetic Spectrum (the radiant energy range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and respective wavelengths & energies)

11. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
Mechanical Energy (Motion)
Movement of objects or substances from one place to another.
Ie: running horses, rolling bags, wind and hydroelectric power. .

12. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
Electrical Energy Movement of electrons in one direction.
Ie. lightening, electricity, static electricity.
NOT AN ELECTRON PARADE!

13. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
Sound Energy
movement of energy through substances in the form of longitudinal
(compression) waves.
Ie. music, drumbeats, etc.

14. TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY
Thermal Energy (a.k.a. Heat)
Internal energy of a substance due to the vibration of atoms and molecules making up the substance
Ie. geothermal energy, fire.

15. Energy Transformation (Conversion)
Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only changed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy will always transfer or move from a higher content to a lower content.
No energy transfer is 100% efficient so a little energy is lost as excess heat from any energy transfer.

16. Energy Transfers/Conversion continued
Law of conservation of mass says mass cannot be created or destroyed.
Albert Einstein found that energy and mass are different forms of each other and his famous equation describes this.
E = m c2 where E = energy, m = mass and
c = the speed of light.

17. Energy Transfers/Conversion continued
Example: Stored chemical potential energy in biomass (wood) is burned to produce heat and light (both forms of kinetic energy).
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18. Measuring energy content
Thermometer measure average energy content of particles in the substance.
Other words: it measures amount of energy.
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19. Describe these Energy Transformations
Striking a match
Photovoltaic cell
Photosynthesis
Movement of the Gulf Stream
Interior temperature increase of a car

20. Forms to Sources of Energy
What does Nonrenewable and Renewable mean?
Nonrenewable Renewable
Petroleum Biomass
Coal Hydropower
Natural Gas Wind
Propane Solar
Geothermal
Match forms
of energy with the
types.
Chemical
Radiant
Thermal
Nuclear
Motion

21. Measuring energy content
Thermometer measure average energy content of particles in the substance.
Other words: it measures amt of energy.
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