Foreign policy in Action

Long term goals of US foreign policy 1. National security Main goal of US foreign policy is to preserve the security of US. This goal determines how the US interacts with other nations and even its own citizens.

2. Free and open trade Maintaining trade with other nations and preserving access to necessary national resources is important because a nation’s economic interests must be protected.

3. World Peace American leaders work for world peace because they believe it helps the nation avoid outside conflicts and aids in national security.

4. Promote democracy worldwide The US has worked to help citizens from other nations transition to democracy. Truman Doctrine-our nation’s resp. to assist those who are threatened by authoritarian/ regimes

5. Demonstrate concern for humanity The US has provided humanitarian assistance to other nations which accomplishes humanitarian goal as well as maintaining political stability in the world.

Ways in which the US attempts to forestall threats to the country 1. alliances 2. foreign aid 3. economic sanctions 4. military action

1. Alliances Mutual defense alliances- pacts formed when nations feel there is a common threat to their security. Regional security pacts-a mutual defense alliance among nations in a certain region

Current US mutual defense agreements 1947 – 1947 – Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) – Western Hemisphere mutual defense 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty (Treaty of Washington) – establishes NATO mutual defense organization 1951 – Mutual Defense Treaty – between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America 1952 – ANZUS Treaty – mutual defense alliance between Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S – Mutual Defense Treaty – Created an alliance with South Korea, and established the basis of South Korean adherence with U.S. Government consultations on North Korean policy 1954 – U.S. and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement 1960 – Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan – mutual defense treaty with Japan 1962 – Nassau agreement – defense treaty with United Kingdom

A. NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Org. Created by a treaty entered into by the US and western European nations in 1945 to protect one another from Soviet domination. Today, NATO’s mission includes intervention in crises and peacekeeping. NATO's current view of Russia

B. Other US alliances OAS- Organization of American States-all 35 nations of the Americas to protect and promote economic interests among members ANZUS- Australia, New Zealand, and US

C. Difference b/w multilateral and bilateral treaties Multilateral treaties- agreements signed by several nations (NATO, OAS, ANZUS) Bilateral treaties-agreements signed by only 2 nations (US & Japan, US & Phillipines, etc) These treaties provide collective security- system by which the nations agree to take joint action against any nation that attacks one of them

2. Foreign Aid Programs The Agency for International Development (AID) in the US State Dept. administers American programs of economic aid.

US gave about $23 B in foreign aid in 2013

3. Economic Sanctions Another way the US attempts to influence policies of other nations is to withhold economic benefits through sanctions. Sanctions include withholding loans, arms, economic aid, etc to force a foreign govt to cease certain activities. Treasury website outlining sanctions programs Treasury website outlining sanctions programs

4. Military force American troops have been used numerous times to settle disputes with foreign nations, most often without a declaration of war. US considers force with Russia spoof

Obama and Putin try to work it out