The War Continues Chapter 11, Section 4

The Civil War at Sea Trent Affair – incident in which two Confederate leaders secretly boarded a British ship called the Trent en route to Britain, and were them captured by Union forces and brought back to the US o Illustrated that the Civil War was a world event Most obvious international impact of the war was the affect it had on trade Union’s naval blockade (part of the Anaconda Plan) disrupted the South’s trade with the rest of the world

Blockade Runners At the beginning of the war, the South was able to slip through the naval blockade, but by 1862 the Union blocked most Southern ports Blockade Runners – ships used in the south to get supplies from overseas o Very fast o Painted grey so they were hard to see o Left at night Brought cotton to Bermuda, the Bahamas, or Cuba, and then was shipped to Britain Silk, soap, and pepper were brought back to the south Medicine, food and military supplies were brought back when supplies started running low

The Monitor and the Virginia Both ironclad ships – South’s Virginia was built to destroy blockade, so North made a ship the Monitor to fight against it Two ships fought for hours in the first battle between ironclads Virginia was forced to return to port Changed naval warfare forever

Confederate Raiders South could not compete with North’s navy Changed tactics and created 29 commerce raider ships in Europe They roamed the oceans attacking Union merchant ships and disrupting trade Alabama captured 68 Northern merchant ships Shenandoah captured 36

California and the Territories 1861 – Kansas (free state) and Dakota, Nevada, and Colorado territories added to the Union 1864 – Idaho, Arizona, and Montana territories added o Intended to secure the west for the Union o Did not enforce the draft in the west to keep them loyal to the Union California provided mass amounts of gold to help finance the war for the Union Battle of Glorieta Pass (NM) – Confederacy tried to capture California gold mines – volunteers from California, Colorado and Kansas stopped them o Secured the west for the Union

Natives Americans and the War More than 10,000 Native Americans took part in the Civil War The war divided Native American tribes over the issues of slavery and loyalty Some saw the war as a way to take back the territories they once had Confederacy made treaties with some Native tribes When the Confederacy lost the battle of Pea Ridge, many Native Americans switched to the Union side

Battle of Chancellorsville May 2, 1863 – Stonewall Jackson and the Confederate army surprised the Union army while they were eating dinner at Chancellorsville o Fighting had to stop because of darkness o Union army would likely have been destroyed if not for nightfall Went on for 2 more days until Union army retreated o Stonewall Jackson was killed o Chancellorsville was Lee’s greatest victory Morale sank in the North Lee then decides to invade the north again – needed a big win because army was seriously hurting due to blockade

Battle of Gettysburg Confederate general learned of a supply of shoes that was rumored to be in Gettysburg – shoes that his troops greatly needed July 1 – ordered troops into Gettysburg to seize the shoes Union troops were there It was the largest battle fought on North American soil and lasted three days

Battle of Gettysburg Lee was warned that Union troops were strong into Gettysburg and to retreat and fight somewhere else Lee ordered an attack the next day July 2 – Confederate army lost 9,000 men Next day Lee ordered 15,000 men to charge Union troops, only half made it back July 4 – Confederates started to retreat Lee suffered 28,000 casualties Union suffered 23,000 casualties

Gettysburg Casualties

The Siege of Vicksburg Grant and the Union began a siege to starve Vicksburg into surrender Artillery and gunboats kept constant shelling of the city for weeks Citizens had to dig caves into the sides of hills to escape the shelling Food supplies ran very low and citizens were forced to eat horses, mules, dogs, and rats to stay alive Confederates surrendered on July 4