The American Civil War Vs.

Causes of the Civil War Regional differences grow stronger: –largely industrial North vs. the agrarian South Where Railroads should be built and the Protectionist tariff that favored the North) Slavery The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act Abraham Lincoln elected president Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of America The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter

Union leader – President Abraham Lincoln 16 th President ( ) Born: Feb. 12, 1809 Died: April 15, 1865 (four days after the war ended)  Party: Republican Wife: Mary Lincoln Children: Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas (Tad)

Confederacy Leader – President Jefferson Davis Born: June 3, 1808 Died: 1889 Born in Kentucky –U.S. Military Academy (West Point ) Later - became a Mississippi Planter U.S. Senator, Secretary of War Then - President of the Confederacy. Served as a P.O.W. for two years, U.S. dropped its case against him in 1868.

Timeline of the Civil War Copy the following slides in a timeline format in your notes!

April 12-13, 1861 Fort Sumter Confederate General P.G.T Beauregard opens fire on Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson surrenders. The fort was a federal fort in the South and the Confederacy did not want northerners in the south!

First Major Battle July 1861 Union army marches on Southern capital, Richmond, Virginia. Routed by Confederate forces at Bull Run, it is forced to retreat to Washington. Union: Gen. McDowell Conf.: Gen. Johnston and “Stonewall” Jackson

February 1862 Union forces under Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant capture key Southern strongholds of Fort Henry and Donelson in Tennessee.

April 1862 Confederate army counter-attacks Grant at Shiloh, but he holds his ground and Southern forces retreat to Mississippi Union Navy seizes New Orleans

July 1862 Gen. George McClellan leads Union advance on Richmond Blocked by Confederates under Gen. Robert E. Lee during the “Seven Days’ Battles.” Robert E. Lee

August 1862 Lee defeats Union army at Second Battle of Bull Run, and drives Northern force out of Virginia Lee then proceeds to invade Maryland.

September 1862 BATTLE OF ANTIETAM - Maryland McClellan blocks Lee’s advance –Battle of Antietam Creek, Maryland –24,000 men die. “Bloodiest Single Battle” of the war. Lee retreats to Virginia. Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a few days later.

April-May 1863 Union forces attack Lee in Virginia but are defeated at Chancellorsville and retreat. Lee invades the north once more in Pennsylvania.

July 1-3, 1863 GETTYSBURG! Lee’s forces run into Union Army at Gettysburg, Penn. Over 50,000 casualties Lee’s army retreats south. Many historians believe this is the beginning of the end for the south. Turning point of the war!

July 4, Vicksburg After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes Vicksburg, Mississippi –Splits the Confederacy – Union controls the Mississippi River bringing most of the region under Northern control. This is another nail in the coffin of the South.

November 1863 – Gettysburg Address Lincoln asked to deliver a few appropriate remarks dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

The Gettysburg Address Link YZFUsOuwhttp:// YZFUsOuw

November 1863 Battle of Chattanooga - Grant drives Lee out of Tennessee. Union Army now led by Gen William T. Sherman He takes Knoxville & goes south towards Atlanta

June 1864 The tide has officially shifted - the North is almost in total control of the war. After a costly southward advance –Grant traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside of Richmond, Virginia. The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.

September-December 1864 Sherman captures Atlanta. He cuts a swath of destruction through Georgia and then captures Savannah. This becomes known as, “The March to the Sea.” On Christmas Day of 1864, Sherman orders his men to save Savannah from burning; he gives it to Lincoln as a Christmas present! Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of Atlanta

April 1865 Grant takes Richmond on April 3 Lee surrenders six days later at Appomattox Court House. April 9, official end to the war between the states.

April 1865 Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. On April 14 th and he died the next day. Booth yelled, “Sic semper tyrannis” in English means, “Thus be it ever to tyrants.” Booth broke his leg jumping from the balcony, and he died several days later after being burned in the barn he was hiding.

Lincoln’s Death

The Human Costs of the Civil War (Casualties by thousands)

The Economic Costs of the Civil War Economic Costs  Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled $2.6 billion.  Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion.  Confederate debt ran over $700 million.  Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179% in  Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of the war.