Chapter 9 Jefferson Era

I. Election of 1800 A. Republican Candidates –1. President- Thomas Jefferson –2. Vice-president- Aaron Burr B. Federalist Candidates 1. President- John Adams 2. Vice-president- Charles Pickney C. For elections at that time, every elector casted 2 votes for President (the one with the second highest vote, would be VP). 8.21A

D. The disaster of the election of The election resulted in a tie between Jefferson and Burr, which then went to a vote in the House of Representatives. 2. With the persuasion of Alexander Hamilton, the tie was broken in the House of Representatives and Jefferson became President. 3. After this election, in 1803, the Twelfth Amendment was ratified which required electors to vote for the president and vice-president on separate ballots. 8.21C

II. Landmark Court Cases A. Marbury v. Madison – ruled that the Supreme Court had the power to overturn a law ruled unconstitutional. –1. This is known as Judicial Review –2. Three principles of judicial review: a. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. b. When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed. c. The judicial branch has the job of upholding the Constitution. 8.18B 8.18A

B. McCulloch v. Maryland – Ruled that Congress has more powers than just those expressed in the Constitution. C. Gibbons v. Ogden – Ruled that national laws take precedence over state laws. D. All these court cases were led by Chief Justice John Marshall. –1. He helped make the Judicial Branch equal to the Legislative and Executive Branches II. Landmark Court Cases 8.18B 8.22A

Questions??? What were the two parties in the Election of 1800? Who were the two men running for president? What did the case of Marbury v. Madison establish? What happened to Jefferson and Burr? How many electoral votes did they get? Who broke the tie? What was put in place to stop this from happening? What did the case of McCulloch v. Maryland state? What did the case of Gibbons v. Ogden state? What are the three principles of judicial review?

III. Louisiana Purchase A. At the time, the United States only extended west to the Mississippi River. Everything west of that was known as the Louisiana Territory. B. The Louisiana Territory (recently obtained from Spain) was sold to President Jefferson and the United States by Napoleon Bonaparte of France for 15 million dollars. C. This instantly doubled the size of the United States! 8.6E 8.10C

French Louisiana The French claimed it first…. 8.6E 8.10C

Spanish Louisiana then the Spanish won it in the Seven Years War… Spanish Louisiana E 8.10C

French Louisiana then the French took it back from the Spanish due a treaty they signed…. 8.6E 8.10C

Louisiana Purchase 1803 then the United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. 8.6E 8.10C

IV. Lewis and Clark A. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were hired by President Thomas Jefferson to explore and map the Louisiana Territory. B. During their journey, a Native American woman named Sacagawea, joined their group as a guide. 8.6C 8.10C

Lewis and Clark continued… C. They traveled over 4000 miles ending up at the Pacific Ocean in the Oregon Territory in D. They gathered important information on people, plants, animals and the geography of the West. –1. This inspired many people to move westward. This is the beginning of Manifest Destiny. 8.6C 8.10C

Questions??? What were the borders of the Louisiana Territory? How much did the US buy the Louisiana Territory for? What did this do to the size of the US? Who did Jefferson send on an expedition to explore the territory? Who acted as a guide? How long was the journey to the Pacific coast? What did Lewis and Clark’s expedition lead to? Name the nations who had controlled the Louisiana Territory.

V. Road to War A. Thomas Jefferson was elected to a second term in 1804 B. War between Great Britain and France rages on. –1. The United States profits from trading with both countries. –2. Great Britain begins the practice of impressment. –3. Impressment was when England would kidnap American sailors and force them to join and fight for the British navy. –4. This was a violation of the neutral rights of the U.S. 8.5D

Road to War continued… C. President Jefferson passes the Embargo Act. –1. The United States stopped trading with all countries. –2. Jefferson hoped this would end impressment. –3. The Embargo Act failed because it hurt American trade and it didn’t hurt Britain. –4. It did, however, lead to more factories in the U.S. being built. 8.5D 8.13B 8.5E

Road to War Continued… D. Conflicts with Native Americans in the west led to Native Americans siding with the British. –1. General William Henry Harrison defeated Shawnee chief Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe in –2. Tecumseh then joined his Native American forces with the British against the United States. 8.5D

Road to War continued… E. Republican James Madison becomes our 4 th President. F. A group of young Republicans, nicknamed Warhawks, pushed for war with England to stop impressment. They were led by John Calhoun and Henry Clay. G. A sense of nationalism, loyalty to a country, began to spread. H. Madison eventually asked Congress for a declaration of war. He felt Britain had violated the neutrality of the United States. 8.5D Let’s go to war to stop impressme nt! 8.5E

VI. War of 1812 A. War began in July of A. War began in July of B. Famous Battles and Events B. Famous Battles and Events – 1. Battle of Horseshoe Bend – Andrew Jackson and his troops slaughtered more than 550 Creek Indians who allied themselves with Tecumseh. – 2. The British burned down the. – 2. The British burned down the White House. a. Madison and U.S. leaders had to flee. a. Madison and U.S. leaders had to flee. – 3. Fort McHenry – British bombard the fort. a. Francis Scott Key wrote a little poem called “The Star Spangled Banner” as he watched the battle. a. Francis Scott Key wrote a little poem called “The Star Spangled Banner” as he watched the battle. – 4. Treaty of Ghent ends the war in – 5. Battle of New Orleans – A month after the treaty, not knowing about the treaty, Andrew Jackson defends New Orleans from an invading British Army. 8.13C 8.5D

VII. Results of the War of 1812 A. This war finally made Britain fully recognize American independence. B. The American military began to grow and became more professional. C. A sense of pride in their country, nationalism, began to grow across the country. –1. Especially after the American victory at New Orleans. 8.13B 8.5D 8.13A

VII. Results of the War of 1812 D. Since people could not get manufactured goods from Britain during the war, many new factories were built in the North. 1. This led to an economic boom. E. For a short time, there were no political parties after the war. 1. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings. 8.13B 8.5D 8.13A

Questions??? What did Britain begin doing to American sailors? What was this a violation of? How did Jefferson react to this occurring? Who was elected the 4 th president? What group of young Republicans began calling for war against England? In what battle did Tecumseh fight with William Henry Harrison? Who led the Americans in the Battle of New Orleans? What was the American reaction to the Battle of New Orleans? Who wrote the Star Spangled Banner? What treaty ended the War of 1812? Why did the War of 1812 lead to an economic boom?

YOU’RE DONE!