1. Chapter 8 REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY: The Jeffersonian Vision

2. North America in 1800

13. “The Peaceful Revolution”: The Election of 1800 Hamilton’s High Federalists led campaign to replace Adams with Pinckney Hamilton’s High Federalists led campaign to replace Adams with Pinckney Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied in Electoral College Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied in Electoral College –Federalist House of Representatives had to break the tie

14. The Election of 1800

15. Jefferson’s Inauguration (1801) “We are all republicans—we are all federalists” “We are all republicans—we are all federalists” –Wanted the principles of American government to rise above party politics

16. Jefferson as President Jefferson as President Dedicated to intellectual pursuits Dedicated to intellectual pursuits Jefferson’s goals as president: Jefferson’s goals as president: –Reduce size and cost of government by reducing spending –Reduce national debt –Reduce size of the military –Keep U.S. out of war

17. The Louisiana Purchase Spain gave Louisiana to France Spain gave Louisiana to France Slave rebellion in Haiti that led to the loss of 30,000 French troops convinced Napoleon to give up attempt to expand empire to Western Hemisphere Slave rebellion in Haiti that led to the loss of 30,000 French troops convinced Napoleon to give up attempt to expand empire to Western Hemisphere –Sold all of Louisiana for $15 million However, Constitution vague on power to acquire land inhabited by foreigners However, Constitution vague on power to acquire land inhabited by foreigners –But, TJ went ahead with purchase

18. Effects of The Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of the US Doubled size of the US Permanently opened Mississippi River to western farmers Permanently opened Mississippi River to western farmers Violated TJ’s views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution Violated TJ’s views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution Showed TJ could be flexible in dealing with foreign relations Showed TJ could be flexible in dealing with foreign relations

19. The Louisiana Purchase and the Route of Lewis and Clark

20. The Barbary States

21. The Election of 1804

22. Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison (1803) ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional Marbury v. Madison (1803) ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional Federalist Marbury denied his appointment Federalist Marbury denied his appointment SIGNIFICANCE – Established precedence of judicial review – Supreme Court’s ability to decide whether or not acts of Congress are constitutional SIGNIFICANCE – Established precedence of judicial review – Supreme Court’s ability to decide whether or not acts of Congress are constitutional

27. Vice President Aaron Burr Vice-President Aaron Burr broke with Jefferson Vice-President Aaron Burr broke with Jefferson Alexander Hamilton blocked Burr’s efforts to become NY Governor Alexander Hamilton blocked Burr’s efforts to become NY Governor Burr killed Hamilton in a duel Burr killed Hamilton in a duel

29. Embargo Act of 1807 Congress prohibited U.S. ships from leaving port Congress prohibited U.S. ships from leaving port Purpose: to win English + French respect for American neutrality rights Purpose: to win English + French respect for American neutrality rights Embargo unpopular at home Embargo unpopular at home – Army suppressed smuggling – New England economy badly damaged

30. The Election of 1808

34. The Election of 1812

35. Causes of War of 1812 Congressional War Hawks demanded war with England to preserve American honor Congressional War Hawks demanded war with England to preserve American honor America wanted to end British impressment of US sailors, interference with US trade, and British aid to Indians on the frontier America wanted to end British impressment of US sailors, interference with US trade, and British aid to Indians on the frontier

37. War of 1812 Americans unprepared for war Americans unprepared for war Most attacks against Canada failed Most attacks against Canada failed Washington D.C. burned by British Washington D.C. burned by British Baltimore saved by defense of Fort McHenry Baltimore saved by defense of Fort McHenry –Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner”

42. Treaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812 Ended hostilities but settled little else Ended hostilities but settled little else –No land changed hands

43. The War of 1812