Chapter 5 Introduction to Public Speaking

Chapter Essential Question  What are the elements that allow some people to present such effective speeches and do it so well?

5.1- What is Public Speaking  Def.- A form of communication in which an individual speaks face- to- face with a relatively large audience, and in which the speaker speaks in a fairly continuous manner.  Effective speakers focus on the process of development of the speech- not just the product- the speech itself.

Basics of the Public Speech  Speech basics

5.1- The Steps to Development  Decide topic and purpose  Analyze the audience  Research the topic, plan the thesis, and body  Organize the speech  Wording the speech  Develop confidence and the overcoming fear

5.1 Considerations of the Process  Whether writing, speaking, reading, or listening, always remember the FAT –P (not me) Form (essay, narrative, speech, multi-media) Audience (classmates, teachers, administrators, public officials. Topic (the focus of the event) Purpose (inform, persuade, entertain, promote social cohesion)  Decide topic and purpose

5.1- Types of Public Speaking  Informative- to explain, report, describe, clarify, define, demonstrate (event, concept, or procedure) Goals of informative E E  Persuasive- change, influence, or strengthen the attitudes in the actions or beliefs of your audience.  Promote Social Cohesion- the feeling of unity and community among the audience

5.2-Analyze the Audience  The topic- should be significant and interesting to the audience.   Checklist of elements to be considered: Age Gender Background and attitudes Appearance Context

5.3-Researching and Planning  Every speech has not only a purpose but also a focus to which the speaker must work. Identify the topic Research the topic Formulate a thesis- controlling idea Identify your sources by type and validity  Date, biases, sources

5.3-Researching and Planning  Determining the Main Points Create your thesis Underneath list as many questions as possible to help focus Answer each question Review with someone else- a fresh set of eyes may help you to find problems or focus on different points

5.4-Organizing the Speech  All forms of expression follow a pattern.  There are three basic organizational patterns for public speaking Chronological Topical Problem- solution

5.4- Organizing the Speech  Chronological: Set up material according to time.  Past- Present- Future  Step by Step Process  Recounting a plot of a movie, novel, etc.  Retelling the history of a particular item/ event

5.4- Organizing the Speech  Topical: Organize the material of a presentation into major topics, then into subtopics, and then into specific details.  Problem- Solution: Useful for organizing a persuasive speech. First the problem is determined and then the solution is proposed.

5.5- Wording the Speech  You need to use language in such a manner that what you say will appeal to and be understood by the audience, thus fulfilling your purpose.  Develop the body of the speech based on your thesis.  Develop your introduction followed by your conclusion

5.5- Wording the Speech  To make your speech more vivid is to use the following: Figures of speech  Similes  Metaphors  Analogies  Personification

Wording the Speech  Avoid Clichés- Phrases and expressions that are used to appeal to people  “Like a bull in a china shop”  “Dead as a doornail”  “Sharp as a tack”

5.6- Developing Confidence  Stage fright/ Butterflies in the stomach- The pumping of adrenaline into the bloodstream that assists in the fight or flight response to stimuli. We need to harness that energy to improve the performance.

5.6- Developing Confidence  Surveys show that a majority of people have rated the concept of speaking in front a group of peers as their number one fear. Riegel    “Butterflies in the stomach” are beneficial rather than harmful.  Concentrate on the “performance” and reduce the distractions are the keys

5.6- Developing Confidence  Steps to success: Practice the presentation Familiarize yourself with the context- the time and place of the presentation Realize the true Perspective- that what you do benefits someone or something. A perfect performance is not expected. Physical Activity- you can reduce your stress by using pre-planned activity to help you focus. Breathe deeply, exhale slowly, relax. Move with a purpose at certain points in the presentation.

 Overcoming nervousness Riegel  Killer presentation skills  Jeffries

 0_E 0_E  Impromptu speaking HI HI Deborah Riegel- Openings and Closings 

 Killer presentation skills  Jeffries