ANCIENT ROME

Roman Legion Divided into infantry and cavalry 5,000 Soldiers Every citizen had to serve for 10 years

Roman Legion Divided into smaller groups of 80 men called a century

Roman Power Grows Roman power grew slowly and steadily Eventually conquered all of Italy

The Defeated People Rome was lenient to the people they conquered –They were allowed to be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber –Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote.

City- State of Carthage Trading post established by Phoenicians who called it Carthage Carthage becomes an independent state Grew to one of the most powerful cities in the ancient world until….

The Punic Wars Eventually Rome and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea They fought 3 battles

The First Punic War 264 BC-241 BC Fought over Sicily for 23 years Carthage lost This was Rome’s first province

The Second Punic War 218 BC – 202 BC Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a brilliant general. He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants. To surprise Rome he went through the Alps

The Second Punic War For 15 years, Hannibal moved across Italy dominating Finally a Roman general name SCIPIO defeated Hannibal.

The Third Punic War 149 BC -146 BC Cato an influential senator reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy. By this time, Carthage was no longer a threat. Romans destroy Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into slavery!

Rome In Control Victory in the Punic Wars gave Rome control of the Mediterranean Mare Nostrum or “Our Sea”

Julius Caesar, the dictator Ambitious military commander Conquest of Gaul Secret crossing of the Rubicon River “Veni, vedi, vici” Forced Senate to make him a dictator for life

ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR Caesar’s enemies worried he would make himself king of Rome and be too powerful Plot against him to save the Republic 44 BC killed by Brutus and Cassius in the Senate