1. Unit 3 Classical Civilizations Greece and Rome
The Punic Wars

3. Rome Conquers Italy
Romans sought to expand their territory through trade and conquest
By 265 BCE Romans had conquered the entire Italian peninsula
Conquered people where placed into 3 categories
Full citizens, partial citizens (no vote), allies
The Romans practice a lenient policy with allies as long as they supply soldiers

4. Rome’s Commercial Network
Rome’s location gave access by land and by sea to luxuries around the Mediterranean
Romans traded a variety of goods (olive oil, wine, and raw material)
Rome was not the only large city that had a commercial network along the Mediterranean, Carthage a empire in North Africa would challenge Rome for the Mediterranean

5. Carthage

7. 1st Punic War
The war is fought over island of Sicilia, when Rome attacks Greek colonies on the island
Carthage considered the island of Sicilia a part of their[s] sphere of influence
Carthage was defeated at sea by Italian mercenaries and a new Roman fleet
After the Carthaginians were defeated, Romans siege the forts of Sicilia

8. Hannibal
After the Carthage lost the 1st Punic war, Carthaginians recruited a master general to avenge their loss
Hannibal was a brilliant military strategist who prepared to defeat Rome in the 2nd Punic war

9. 2nd Punic War
Hannibal led a army of 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants to capture Rome
He took a risky move, leading his army on a trek from Spain across France and through the Alps
Losing half of his men and most of his elephants he still had the element of surprise
For a decade Hannibal rampage through Italy winning a major battle at Cannae

10. 2nd Punic War

13. Hannibal’s Defeat
Hannibal's failure was he was never able to capture[ed] Rome
Romans regrouped and hired a general to match Hannibal, Scipio (SIPH-ee-oh)
Scipio heads strait for Carthage, which forces Hannibal back to Africa to defend his home
Hannibal is defeated at the battle of Zama, and instead of surrendering to Romans he commits suicide VS

15. 3rd Punic War Carthage was still disliked by Rome
Cato a prominent Senator in Rome; closed every speech with
“Carthage must be destroyed”
Rome invaded and laid siege to Carthage it for three years destroying the city
The city was set afire and its 50,000 Carthaginians were sold into slavery
Rome tilled the ground and poured salt in the soil

16. Punic Wars

17. Result of the Punic War
Rome was the left the dominant power in the western Mediterranean