1. 05/01/08 BR- 1. Where were the founders of the city of Carthage from originally? 2. Why do you think they are called the “Punic” wars?
Today: The Punic Wars

3. Ancient Italy (c. 6th century B.C.)
PEOPLE:
The Latins
-Rome: “The First Romans”
The Etruscans
-Northern Italy
-Urbanized Rome:
Building Programs (the Forum)
-Influence on Romans:
the arch, alphabet
The Greeks
-Southern Italy and Sicily
art, architecture, literature, government, engineering
GEOGRAPHY:
-Tiber River & Mediterranean Sea
-Fertile Soil & Strategic Location

4. Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy & the Mediterranean World?

5. Military Organization: The Roman Army

6. The Roman Army All citizens were required to serve Army was powerful:
Organization & fighting skill
Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

7. 1. What were they. 2. Why were they fought. 3
1. What were they? 2. Why were they fought? 3. Who were some key players? 4. What were the results?

8. Rome Spreads its Power
Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
Treatment of Conquered:
Forge alliances
Offer citizenship
By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

9. Rome’s Commercial Network
Rome establishes a large trading network
Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome

10. Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
1st Punic War- Rome gains control of Sicily & western Mediterranean Sea.
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

11. Punic Wars ( B.C.)
2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France
60,000 soldiers and 60 elephants
Romans experience severe losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

12. Hannibal's troops crossing the Rhone River on their way to attack northern Italy.

13. Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage
Scipio- Roman Strategist
Conquered people sold into slavery
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

14. Comparisons
Both were strong, proud cities and wanted to control trade throughout the Mediterranean.
Both had a senate
Romans had an experienced, land army (but not so good at sea.)
Carthage excellent sailors but did not have a professional army (relied mostly on mercenaries and conscripts)

15. How Did Rome Win?
One method was to make the sea battles (where the Romans weren’t so good) into land battles (where the were.)
This led to the invention of the corvus. A bridge/grappling hook that locked ships together.

16. For Friday: Finish BLM 6 and Questions
Hand in anything else (cursus, ch. 5 questions..)