 Agenda ◦ 1) Lesson 2 Notes ◦ 2) Church Venn Diagram ◦ 3) ReviewCab 1 and 2  What’s Due ◦ Church Venn Diagram  What’s Next ◦ Byzantine Culture ◦ Culture Analysis and Writing Activity

Religion of the Byzantine Empire

 The Byzantine Empire adopted many Roman beliefs and practices ◦ Many shared a heritage with Rome  former part of the Empire ◦ Adopted Christianity, but there were issues  Distance and lack of contact caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to develop differently.  Led to the split  Western Church: Roman Catholic  Eastern: Eastern (Greek) Orthodox

Centered on the city of Rome. Leadership Led by the Pope (bishop of Rome). — Held religious and political authority over numerous kings of Western Europe. — Replaced the Emperor as the government of Rome The Western Church believed the Pope to be the representative of Jesus on Earth.

Language Latin was the official language of the Western Church Used in religious documents and in the liturgy (worship and church services). Used Icons = religious paintings Depicting Jesus, Mary, saints, or the cross believed to have sacred powers. Rules Priests practiced celibacy Were not permitted to marry Divorce was not allowed by any I Speak Latin!!

Centered on the capital city of Constantinople. — 100 monasteries inhabited by nuns or monks. Leadership The emperor of the Byzantine Empire was the divine leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. — Seen as almost a God, divine being, on earth. Patriarch (or bishop) ran daily church activities. — Power of the Patriarch is equivalent to the Pope in Western Europe. — Below the Emperor in power

Language Permitted the use of the vernacular (common language of the people) in religious documents and in the liturgy Primarily Greek in the Byzantine Empire). ◦ Use of Icons  Religious symbols used to aid devotion ◦ Rules Priests were permitted to marry. Divorce is allowed in particular situations. Vernacular!

The idea of who should lead the Christian Church and icon use continuously plagued the Eastern and Western Churches. — Main cause for the official splitting of the Christian Church. SPLIT!! Who Should Lead???

1054: The Great Schism (East-West Schism): Official splitting of the Christian Church. — The Patriarch declared independence from Rome, the Pope and patriarch excommunicated (ban from the group) each other, formally splitting the Christian world: o The Western Church is now formally named the Roman Catholic Church with the Pope as the leader. o The Eastern Orthodox Church is formally established in Eastern Europe.