1. What four things/ideas did Renaissance thinkers stress? 2. What were the concerns of Christian Humanists?

Global II Chapter 14, Section 4 Beginnings of the Reformation READ Pgs. 338 – 341

Objectives 4.8Explain why demands for Church reform grew 4.9Explain why and how Martin Luther challenged the Church 4.10Explain why many people in Germany supported Luther

1.French King kidnaps the Pope and sets up new Papacy in Avignon, France 2.A weakening church authority Babylonian Captivity Lesson Launch Directions: Read the bubbles depicted below to a partner, alternating each bubble Discuss with a partner the following questions 1.What was the Babylonian Captivity? 2.What could the bubbles be suggesting about the church? 1.French King kidnaps the Pope and sets up new Papacy in Avignon, France 2.A weakening Church authority during the Renaissance

1. Problems in the Church Church being accused of being too worldly (political) Popes vs. Emperors Babylonian Captivity Great Schism Sale of Indulgences Money = forgiveness of sins Signals corruption of Church Simony Paying for high offices of the church

Indulgences

2. Martin Luther & 95 Thesis Protest of indulgences He believes Faith in God gives salvation Bible is the only guide for Christians Role of individual in achieving salvation Does not need priest Priest allowed to marry

Luther

3. Luther’s teachings 3 main ideas 1. “Faith Alone” 2. Bible only guide – no Pope 3. Individual – examine bible for oneself

Martin Luther Summary Luther was a German Monk and professor in Wittenberg, Germany. He is noted for writing the 95 Theses, which were criticisms of Church abuses. The most famous and notable of these abuses are the Sale of Indulgences. Indulgences are paying for the forgiveness of sins. The 95 Theses were printed using the printing press in the vernacular languages. Luther is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation.

4. Impact of Luther’s Reforms (Reformation) 95 thesis spread rapidly by? Printing Press Huge support in Germany Protestantism develops Many rulers reclaimed church property! Gains support in Germany from this German princes want independence from HRE Peace of Augsburg 1555 Individual rulers determine religion within Holy Roman Empire Northern Germany – Lutheran Southern Germany – Catholic

PEOPLE IN WORLD HISTORY Martin Luther (1483 – 1546 A.D.) A mighty fortress is our God, A bulwark never failing. Our helper He amid the flood Of mortal ills prevailing. -Hymn based on “Ein’ Feste Burg” (1529) by Martin Luther M artin Luther was raised in the mining town of Mansfield, Germany. In keeping with his father’s wishes, Luther enrolled at the University of Erfurt in 1501 to study law, but he abandoned his legal studies in 1505 and entered a monastery instead. It was a hard, disciplined life. He lived in an unheated cell, leaving only to receive instruction, take meals in silence, and join others in the chapel for services. Luther was ordained a Roman Catholic preist and celebrated his first mass in Luther continued his studies and, by 1512, was a professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg. The Roman Catholic Church had developed indulgences as a way to release sinners from part of the penance for their sins. For example, instead of going on a pilgrimage as a penalty for one’s sins, an indulgence permitted the person to make a contribution to a worthy cause. In 1515 the pope authorized the sale of indulgences to raise money to build St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. In response to what he saw as the abuse of indulgences, Luther wrote a letter explaining that by seeking escape from divine punishment through indulgences, people were led away from true sorrowfor their sins and into a sense of false security. This letter became known as the Ninety-five Theses. The Theses marked the beginning of Luther’s disillusionment with the Church and the start of the Reformation. Luther went on to publish other highly influential works questioning the Church’s teachings. In April 1521, Luther was given a hearing before a meeting at Worms, Germany. Although urged to retract his teaching, Luther refused. The emperor then declared Luther an outlaw. Luther’s supporters hid him at Wartburg Castle, where he spent time studying and writing. During his year there, he translated the Bible into German. He took care to write simply and in common everyday language. Together with hymns he had written, this German Bible was to become a mighty force of the Reformation. Luther remained as a professor at the university to where some 16,000 students studied the teaching of Luther and his successors in the theological faculty, spreading the new Lutheran religion across Germany. Reviewing the Profile: Answer the following questions 1.Before Luther criticized the Catholic Church, how did he make his living? _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What were indulgences? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3.What did Luther write that had a great influence on the Reformation? ______________________ 4. Critical Thinking: Determining Cause & Effects: Do you think Luther’s study of the law had any influence on his later criticisms of the Catholic Church? Why or why not? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

4. Impact of Luther’s Reforms (Reformation) 1. Religious Choice 2. Split in Church Recognized CalvinismLutheran Church of England (Anglican) OrthodoxRoman ProtestantCatholic Christianity

Closure Why did demands for Church reform grow? What were the corruptions of the Church? Why and how did Martin Luther challenged the Church? Why did many people (including German Princes) in Germany support Luther?

HOMEWORK MARTIN LUTHER

Review Time!!! What new ideas did Renaissance artists contribute? Who are some of best known artists of the time? What ideas concerned Christian Humanists? How did the printing affected people’s lives?