1. The Reformation Ch 14 Sections 3 & 4 Pages 44-53

2. Reformation: A time of great political, social, and religious change in Europe. Causes  Ideas of the Renaissance  Invention of the Printing Press  Humanistic Theories  Poorly educated clergy  Abuses of the Church  Church became worldly Immoral life of priests Maintained lavish lifestyles  How? The church increased fees for marriage and baptism as well as began selling indulgences Two Phases  Protestant Reformation  English Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation

3. Early Leaders of the Reformation are: Early Leaders of the Reformation are: a. John Wycliffe– 1300s wanted the church to reform its formal and empty ceremony. b. Erasmus – wanted the Bible translated into the Vernacular & discusses the ignorant and immoral behavior of the clergy in his The Praise of Folly c. * Thomas More – desired a Utopian Society d. Martin Luther – will emerge as the main shaker and mover of the Catholic Church in Germany e. John Calvin – had an effect on the direction of the reformation in Geneva, Switzerland

4. Two Main Leaders of the Reformation Martin Luther (Lutheran) 95 Theses  Wittenburg – Johann Tetzel’s sale of indulgences is final outrage of Church  Drew up 95 Theses questioning sale of indulgences  Church wants Luther to recant; he refuses, is excommunicated; considered an outlaw by Charles V but a hero to the people Teachings  Salvation achieved through faith alone  Bible is the sole source of religious truth  All Christians have equal access to God Spread of Ideas  Clergy see Luther’s reforms as an answer to church corruption  German princes see it as an opportunity to overthrow Church and Holy Roman emperor Peace of Augsburg: (1555) due to wars; allowed princes to decide religion for their territory  Nationalism of the German People who were tired of their money going to churches and clergy in Italy

5. Two Main Leaders of the Reformation John Calvin (Presbyterian) Teachings  Salvation achieved through faith alone  Bible is the only source of religious truth  Believed people are born sinners  Preached predestination Geneva, Switzerland  Protestants ask Calvin to lead community  Sets up theocracy  Stressed hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty & morality – strict life  Religious education for everyone Spread of Ideas  Spread to Germany, France, Holland, England, and Scotland