1. The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was the European Christian reform movement that began in 1517 when a German monk, Martin Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses.

2. Why the need to reform?

3. Can you explain the need to reform?

4. Why the need to reform?

5. Why the need to reform?
Others sharply criticized the Church for some of its practices. Popes seemed more concerned with luxury and political power than with spiritual matters.

6. Why the need to reform?
As a result of the Renaissance, a new perspective on the world, spreading knowledge and education encouraged people to challenge authority, not just accept what was told to them.

7. Biblical Teachings
The printing press allowed for the publication of the bible in many vernaculars and for the first time in hundreds of years, average people could read the bible. To their surprise, much of what had always been taught to them was not the truth.

8. What are Indulgences?
An indulgence was a guarantee of forgiveness. By paying money to the Church, people thought they could win salvation.

9. The selling and buying of Church jobs
What is Simony?
The selling and buying of Church jobs

10. Why do you think people rebelled against the church?
Can you explain ways in which the church was corrupt?

11. Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a German Monk who openly challenged the practice of indulgences and was the first to publicly challenge church wrongdoings. He posted a written protest called the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral in Germany, for all to read.

12. Who was Martin Luther?
Eventually his words were printed (using the new printing press) and spread throughout Germany. This was the beginning of the Reformation movement.

13. Goal of the Revolution
In 1524, peasants in Germany hoped to use Luther’s ideas about Christian freedom to change society.

14. Goal of the Revolution
Politically, German princes hoped the revolution would weaken the power of Catholic Church and help them escape the rule of the Pope. This would make Monarchies (King’s governments) stronger.

15. What Happened?
A split between members of society saw some join forces with Luther (Protestants… which came to mean “Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches”) while others remained loyal to the Pope.
War eventually broke out between Catholic and Protestant forces in Germany.

16. Can you explain the importance of what Martin Luther did?

17. Calvinism
In 1530, the Protestant movement gave way to the teachings of John Calvin. Calvin wrote an important book that gave structure to Protestant beliefs. He taught that people are sinful by nature.

18. Calvinism
Calvinism which too was a religion for “Christians who belonged to non-Catholic church”) taught predestination, the idea that God determines beforehand (He has pre-determined,) who will be saved..

19. Do you understand predestination?

20. The Catholic Church’s Response
As Protestant churches grew all over Europe, the Catholic Church took steps to change itself. This was called the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation.

21. The Catholic Church’s Response
One Catholic reformer was Ignatius (later St. Ignatius) who founded a new group in the Catholic Church based on deep devotion to Jesus. Members of this group, were called the Jesuits. (Think McQuiad HS…the Jesuits)

22. The Catholic Church’s Response
The Jesuits…
started schools across Europe
they sent missionaries to convert people to Catholicism
tried to stop the spread of Protestantism
This was called the Counter-Reformation Movement

23. Do you understand how the counter reformation tried saved the Catholicism?

24. Legacy of the Reformation
In the wake of the movement, Protestant churches flourished but…
the Catholic Church became more unified
there was an overall decline in the authority of the church.
individual monarchs/Kings and nations gained greater power.